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171.
Methane and carbon dioxide emission from two pig finishing barns 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Agricultural activities are an important source of greenhouse gases. However, comprehensive, long-term, and high-quality measurement data of these gases are lacking. This article presents a field study of CH(4) and CO(2) emission from two 1100-head mechanically ventilated pig (Sus scrofa) finishing barns (B1 and B2) with shallow manure flushing systems and propane space heaters from August 2002 to July 2003 in northern Missouri. Barn 2 was treated with soybean oil sprinkling, misting essential oils, and misting essential oils with water to reduce air pollutant emissions. Only days with CDFB (complete-data-full-barn), defined as >80% of valid data during a day with >80% pigs in the barns, were used. The CH(4) average daily mean (ADM) emission rates were 36.2 +/- 2.0 g/d AU (ADM +/- 95% confidence interval; animal unit = 500 kg live mass) from B1 (CDFB days = 134) and 28.8 +/- 1.8 g/d AU from B2 (CDFB days = 131). The CO(2) ADM emission rates were 17.5 +/- 0.8 kg/d AU from B1 (CDFB days = 146) and 14.2 +/- 0.6 kg/d AU from B2 (CDFB days = 137). The treated barn reduced CH(4) emission by 20% (P < 0.01) and CO(2) emission by 19% (P < 0.01). The CH(4) and CO(2) released from the flushing lagoon effluent were equivalent to 9.8 and 4.1% of the CDFB CH(4) and CO(2) emissions, respectively. The emission data were compared with the literature, and the characteristics of CH(4) and CO(2) concentrations and emissions were discussed. 相似文献
172.
Phenylated arsenic compounds occur as highly toxic contaminants in former military areas where they were formed as degradation products of chemical warfare agents. Some phenylarsenic compounds such as roxarsone and aminophenylarsonic acids were applied as food additive and veterinary drugs in stock-breeding and therefore pose an environmental risk in agricultural used sites. Very few data exist in the literature concerning uptake and effects of phenylarsenic compounds in plants growing on contaminated soils. In this study, the accumulation, extractability, and metabolization of five different phenylarsenic compounds, phenylarsonic acid, p- and o-aminophenylarsonic acid, phenylarsine oxide, and 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid called roxarsone, by the terrestrial plant Tropaeolum majus were investigated. Ion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to differentiate these arsenic compounds, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy was used for total arsenic quantification. All compounds considered were taken up by the roots and transferred to stalks, leaves, and flowers. The strongest accumulation was observed for unsubstituted phenylarsonic acid followed by its trivalent analogue phenylarsine oxide that was mostly oxidized in soil whereas the amino- or nitro- and hydroxy-substituted phenylarsonic acids were accumulated to a smaller degree.The highest extraction yield of 90% for ground leaf material was achieved by 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.7, in a two-step extraction with a total extraction time of 24 h. The extraction of higher amounts of arsenic (50–70% of total arsenic present in leaves depending on arsenic species application) from non-ground intact leaves with deionized water in comparison with the buffer (20–40% of total arsenic) is ascribed to osmotic effects. The arsenic species analysis revealed a cleavage of the amino groups from the phenyl ring for plants treated with aminophenylarsonic acids. A further important metabolic effect consisted in the production of inorganic arsenate and arsenite from the phenylated arsonic acid groups. 相似文献
173.
Worn out textile floor coverings are burdensome wastes that are degraded in landfill sites after a very long period of time. One of the ways to manage this kind of waste may be the use of carpet recyclate (CR) as an additive for concrete reinforcement. Therefore, an attempt was made to predict the effects of recyclate additives on the durability a concrete-carpet mixture by employing the method of assessing surface properties of components in the concrete-carpet recyclates composite. Testing was performed on carpet wastes, containing polyamide (PA) and polypropylene (PP) piles and butadiene-styrene resin with chalk filler (BSC) as back coating, to assess the suitability of CR additive for concrete reinforcement by surface energy evaluation. Based on the measurements of contact angles, the free surface energy of recyclate components was determined. The reversible work of adhesion at the interface between these components in dry and wet states was also calculated. The results show that CR with both PA and PP fibers form a strong and water-resistant bond with concrete. 相似文献
174.
Zhu J Schmidt DR Randall GW Morey RV 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2000,35(5):585-598
The work reported indicates that there could be a potential of ground water pollution by NO3-N from turkey facilities built on both sandy and clay soils. At four different depths (30.54, 61.08, 91.62, and 122.16 cm), the NO3-N levels for the clay soil were 1572, 497, 66, and 28 ppm, and those for the sandy soil were 293, 425, 324, and 164 ppm, respectively. No significant P increases were observed but there did exist a significant increase of K in the topsoil for both clay and sandy turkey structures. The results show that swine hoop houses with less than three or four years of age may not pose a threat to groundwater pollution due to the leaching of nutrients. The only dairy feedlot sampled in this study, although it has been used for more than 20 years, did not show leaching of NO3-N and P. However, it did show a significantly elevated concentration of potassium in the topsoil, as compared to the background sample. More sites should be investigated to verify this. 相似文献
175.
176.
Schmidt S 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2005,78(1):1-10
A systematic survey of dissolved uranium activity was carried out in the Seine and the Marne over one year. A small watershed, the Grand Morin, included in the Seine one, was also investigated from stream to medium-sized rivers. The Melarchez stream exhibits low but variable dissolved 238U levels (3.3 +/- 2.0 mBq l(-1)). Thereafter, uranium activities show a rapid increase to reach, from the Grand Morin River, a rather constant range (8-11 mBq l(-1)). On the Marne before the confluence with the Seine, dissolved 238U is nearly invariable (9.1 +/- 0.8 mBq l(-1)), for flow rates comprised between 60 and 423 m3 s(-1). Dissolved 238U in the Seine corresponds to almost triple the global mean riverine uranium concentration. In the estuary of the Seine, uranium shows a gradual increase, resulting from conservative mixing of river with sea waters. 相似文献
177.
W. Schubert D. Giani P. Rongen W. E. Krumbein W. Schmidt 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1980,67(3):129-132
In-vivo photoacoustic spectra (PAS) of pure cultures of cyanobacteria and photosynthetic bacteria (Chromatiaceae) which usually occur in stromatolitic microbial mats were measured. The PA spectra of the pure cultures were compared to PA spectra measured directly on different layers of microbial mats from Mellum (North Sea). The advantages of PAS of opaque, solid samples (e.g., sediment, rock), and of particle suspensions (e.g., light-scattering cell cultures with interference by sulfur globules) over conventional spectroscopy using classical in-vivo or extraction photometry are discussed. 相似文献
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