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81.
Arsenic concentrations in rice, vegetables, and fish in Bangladesh: a preliminary study 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Das HK Mitra AK Sengupta PK Hossain A Islam F Rabbani GH 《Environment international》2004,30(3):383-387
Arsenic contaminating groundwater in Bangladesh is one of the largest environmental health hazards in the world. Because of the potential risk to human health through consumption of agricultural produce grown in fields irrigated with arsenic contaminated water, we have determined the level of contamination in 100 samples of crop, vegetables and fresh water fish collected from three different regions in Bangladesh. Arsenic concentrations were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All 11 samples of water and 18 samples of soil exceeded the expected limits of arsenic. No samples of rice grain (Oryza sativa L.) had arsenic concentrations more than the recommended limit of 1.0 mg/kg. However, rice plants, especially the roots had a significantly higher concentration of arsenic (2.4 mg/kg) compared to stem (0.73 mg/kg) and rice grains (0.14 mg/kg). Arsenic contents of vegetables varied; those exceeding the food safety limits included Kachu sak (Colocasia antiquorum) (0.09-3.99 mg/kg, n=9), potatoes (Solanum tuberisum) (0.07-1.36 mg/kg, n=5), and Kalmi sak (Ipomoea reptoms) (0.1-1.53 mg/kg, n=6). Lata fish (Ophicephalus punctatus) did not contain unacceptable levels of arsenic. These results indicate that arsenic contaminates some food items in Bangladesh. Further studies with larger samples are needed to demonstrate the extent of arsenic contamination of food in Bangladesh. 相似文献
82.
Raturi S Islam KR Caroll MJ Hill RL 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2005,40(5):697-710
Thatch development in intensively managed turf sites may cause environmental concerns for greater sorption or leaching of applied chemicals in terrestrial ecosystems. To determine the adsorption potential of Carbaryl (1-Napthyl N-methylcarbamate), 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid), and Triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) in turf ecosystems, composite thatch and underlying soil samples from three-and six-year-old stands of cool-season Southshore creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) and warm-season Meyer zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were collected. The samples were processed and analyzed for total organic carbon (COrg); extractable (CExt), humic (CHA) and fulvic acid (CFA); anthrone reactive nonhumic carbon (ARC) fractions; and CHA and CFA associated iron (Fe) contents. Pesticide adsorption capacity (Kf) and intensity (1/n), organic carbon partition coefficient (KOC) and Gibbs free energy change (deltaG) were calculated for thatch materials and the underlying soils using a modified batch/flow technique. Both bentgrass (BT) and zoysiagrass thatch (ZT) contained a greater concentration of CExt, CFA, CHA, and ARC than the respective soils (BS and ZS). The CExt, CFA, CHA, and ARC concentration was higher in BT compared with ZT. The BT contained a greater concentration of bound Fe in both CFA and CHA fractions than in BS, whereas ZT had more bound Fe in CHA fraction than in ZS. On average, the BT had a greater concentration of bound Fe in CExt, CFA, and CHA fractions than in the ZT. Among the pesticides, Carbaryl had higher Kf and 1/n values than 2,4-D and Triclopyr for both thatch and soil. Although the KOC and deltaG values of Carbaryl were higher in both BT and ZT than in the underlying soils, the KOC and deltaG values of 2,4-D were significantly higher in BS and ZS than in the overlying thatch materials. The 2,4-D and Triclopyr had higher leaching indices (LI) than Carbaryl for both BT and ZT materials than the respective soils. The Carbaryl, however, had a higher LI for soils than for thatch materials. Averaged across thatch materials and soils, COrg accounted for 96, 85, and 84% variations in Carbaryl, 2,4-D, and Triclopyr adsorption, respectively. Among the COrg fractions, lignin followed by CFA and CHA accounted for greater adsorption of pesticides, especially Carbaryl. The concentration of CHA and CFA bound Fe did not correlate with Kf and 1/n values of pesticides. 相似文献
83.
Md. Raihanul Islam Sumaiya Akter Ruponti Md. Abdur Rakib Huy Quoc Nguyen Monjur Mourshed 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(6):66
84.
Md. Rayhan Ali Shahin Mahmud Md. Tarikul Islam Md. Nur-E-Alam Md. Tarek Molla Ramisa Binti Mohiuddin Kaisar Ali Talukder Suhaimi Napis Kamal Chowdhury A. K. M. Mohiuddin 《环境质量管理》2023,33(1):473-486
Cities in Bangladesh produce large amounts of solid waste (SW) through various human activities which severely pollutes our native environment. As a result, SW pollutes the three basic environmental elements (air, water, and soil) by increasing pathogenic microbial load, which might be hazardous to public health directly or indirectly. In this study, we conducted 30 samples (i.e., soil, water, and air) collected from areas where municipal solid wastes are dumped (Tangail Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh). All the samples were analyzed to assess bacteriological quality for presumptive viable and coliform count using different agar media. We performed serial dilution 10−3–10−10 times for soil and water samples, and the diluted samples were spread on Mac-Conkey agar and nutrient agar plates. For the air sample, the sterile media containing petri-dish was placed adjacent to the dumpsite of the municipal waste and kept for an hour. Then all the samples were incubated at 37°C overnight for total viable count (TVC) and total coliform count (TCC). Biochemical tests and PCR were performed for the identification of these microorganisms. The antibiogram study was performed to reveal their (identified bacteria) susceptibility against clinically used antibiotics according to the standard disk diffusion technique. The highest bacterial loads were found in the air: TVC 3.273 × 103 and TCC 1.059 × 103 CFU/plate; tube-well water: TVC 8.609 × 103, and TCC 8.317 × 103 CFU/mL; in surface water: TVC 6.24 × 1013 CFU/mL and TCC 2.2 × 1012 CFU/mL; in soil: TVC 2.88 × 1011 and TCC 1.02 × 1011 CFU/g, respectively. Microbes from SW can be transmitted through air, dust particles, or flies, and here we found an average of 1120 microbes spread over 63.61 cm2 area per hour. Eight bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., E. coli, Proteus spp., V. cholera, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Vibrio spp.) were identified by the biochemical test. Among them, E. coli and Shigella spp. were further ensured by PCR targeting bfpA and ipaH genes. Antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that E. coli isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin (80%); Shigella spp. were resistant to nalidixic acid (90%), whereas Salmonella spp. was found resistant to kanamycin (90%). Vibrio spp. were also resistant to azithromycin (80%) and erythromycin (80%), which should be a great concern for us. A semi-structured survey revealed that 63% of respondents suffered from different clinical conditions (intestinal diseases) due to SW pollution. So, steps should be taken to improve the proper management and disposal of solid waste and liquid effluent to save our environment and public health. 相似文献
85.
Nasreen Islam Khan Gary Owens David Bruce Ravi Naidu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):207-220
Groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As), when extensively used for irrigation, causes potentially long term detrimental
effects to the landscape. Such contamination can also directly affect human health when irrigated crops are primarily used
for human consumption. Therefore, a large number of humans are potentially at risk worldwide due to daily As exposure. Numerous
previous studies have been severely limited by small sample sizes which are not reliably extrapolated to large populations
or landscapes. Human As exposure and risk assessment are no longer simple assessments limited to a few food samples from a
small area. The focus of more recent studies has been to perform risk assessment at the landscape level involving the use
of biomarkers to identify and quantify appropriate health problems and large surveys of human dietary patterns, supported
by analytical testing of food, to quantify exposure. This approach generates large amounts of data from a wide variety of
sources and geographic information system (GIS) techniques have been used widely to integrate the various spatial, demographic,
social, field, and laboratory measured datasets. With the current worldwide shift in emphasis from qualitative to quantitative
risk assessment, it is likely that future research efforts will be directed towards the integration of GIS, statistics, chemistry,
and other dynamic models within a common platform to quantify human health risk at the landscape level. In this paper we review
the present and likely future trends of human As exposure and GIS application in risk assessment at the landscape level. 相似文献
86.
Ahmed MK Habibullah-Al-Mamun M Hossain MA Arif M Parvin E Akter MS Khan MS Islam MM 《Chemosphere》2011,84(1):143-149
This experiment was conducted to study the genotoxic potentials of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus by using alkaline comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test. Fish were exposed to three different concentrations (3 ppm, 28 ppm and 56 ppm) of arsenic and gill, liver and blood tissue samples were collected after 48 h, 96 h and 192 h of exposure. Arsenic exposure induced DNA damage in all tissues examined in a concentration dependent manner. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the comet tail DNA (%) of the exposed fish liver, gill, and blood was observed after 48 h and 96 h of exposure, but a decline in DNA damage was recorded in all the tissues at all the three concentrations studied after 192 h of exposure. Liver tissue exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher DNA damage at all the concentrations examined, followed by gill and blood. Higher liver tail DNA (51.38 ± 0.21%) refers that it is more prone to injury to arsenic toxicity than the gill and blood. In blood samples arsenic induced micronucleus formation in a concentration dependent manner and highest (5.8 ± 0.46%) value was recorded in 56 ppm after 96 h of exposure, whereas, it was decreased after 192 h of exposure at all the three concentrations of NaAsO2 examined which refers to the DNA repairing ability of fish to arsenic toxicity. The results of this study depict the genotoxic potentials of arsenic to fish which in turns provide insight on advanced study in aquatic toxicology. 相似文献
87.
Md. Abul Kalam Azad Md. Nozrul Islam Ashraful Alam Hasan Mahmud M. A. Islam M. Rezaul Karim Matiar Rahman 《The Environmentalist》2009,29(4):436-440
A pot-culture experiment was conducted in open-field conditions with highly cultivated locally transplanted (T) aman rice
(Oryza sativa L.) named BR-22 in arsenic (As)-amended soil (0, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0 and 50.0 mg kg−1 As) of Bangladesh to see the effect of As on the growth, yield and metal uptake of rice. Arsenic was applied to soil in the
form of sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4). Arsenic affected the plant height, tiller and panicle numbers, grain and straw yield of T-aman rice significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The grain As uptake of T-aman rice was found to increase with increase of As in soil and a high grain As uptake
was observed in the treatments of 30–50 mg kg−1 As-containing soil. These levels exceed the food hygiene concentration limit of 1.0 mg kg−1 As. However, the straw As uptake varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) from a low concentration of As in soil (5 mg kg−1) and the highest uptake was noticed in 20 mg kg−1 As treatment. 相似文献
88.
Simon J. Paech John R. Mecikalski David M. Sumner Chandra S. Pathak Quinlong Wu Shafiqul Islam Taiye Sangoyomi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(6):1328-1342
Paech, Simon J., John R. Mecikalski, David M. Sumner, Chandra S. Pathak, Quinlong Wu, Shafiqul Islam, and Taiye Sangoyomi, 2009. A Calibrated, High‐Resolution GOES Satellite Solar Insolation Product for a Climatology of Florida Evapotranspiration. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1328‐1342. Abstract: Estimates of incoming solar radiation (insolation) from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite observations have been produced for the state of Florida over a 10‐year period (1995‐2004). These insolation estimates were developed into well‐calibrated half‐hourly and daily integrated solar insolation fields over the state at 2 km resolution, in addition to a 2‐week running minimum surface albedo product. Model results of the daily integrated insolation were compared with ground‐based pyranometers, and as a result, the entire dataset was calibrated. This calibration was accomplished through a three‐step process: (1) comparison with ground‐based pyranometer measurements on clear (noncloudy) reference days, (2) correcting for a bias related to cloudiness, and (3) deriving a monthly bias correction factor. Precalibration results indicated good model performance, with a station‐averaged model error of 2.2 MJ m?2/day (13%). Calibration reduced errors to 1.7 MJ m?2/day (10%), and also removed temporal‐related, seasonal‐related, and satellite sensor‐related biases. The calibrated insolation dataset will subsequently be used by state of Florida Water Management Districts to produce statewide, 2‐km resolution maps of estimated daily reference and potential evapotranspiration for water management‐related activities. 相似文献
89.
Introduction
In this paper, we show that FARS data can be a comparable alternative to observational NOPUS data in estimating seat belt use in the United States once we correct for sample selection bias.Results
Based on assumptions of independence for seatbelt choice, we establish a lower and upper bound for seatbelt usage rates, and find that once we correct for sample selection bias, the seatbelt usage estimates from the corrected FARS emerge at least as a comparable alternative to NOPUS estimates.Impact on Industry
This implies that researchers can use corrected FARS to complement NOPUS, thus being able to utilize the rich cross-sectional details available in FARS data to analyze various relevant research questions. 相似文献90.
Md. Rezaur Rahman Md. Nazrul Islam Md. Monimul Huque 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(3):443-450
In the present work, sawdust reinforced polypropylene composites were fabricated using an extruder and an injection molding
machine. Raw sawdust was chemically treated with benzene diazonium salt in order to improve the mechanical properties of the
composites. The effect of the chemically treated sawdust reinforced PP composites was evaluated from their mechanical and
surface morphological properties. The values of the mechanical properties of the chemically treated sawdust–PP composites
were found to be significantly higher than those of the raw ones. Water uptake tests revealed that composites prepared from
the chemically treated sawdust absorb lower amount of water compared to the ones prepared from raw sawdust, suggesting that
hydrophilic nature of the cellulose in the sawdust has significantly decreased upon chemical treatment. The surface morphology
obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that raw sawdust–PP composites possess surface roughness with extruded
filler moieties, and weak interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the filler while the chemically treated one showed improved
filler–matrix interaction. This indicates that better dispersion of the filler with the PP matrix has occurred upon chemical
treatment of the filler. 相似文献