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排序方式: 共有298条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Mohammad Sabbir Ahmed Shourav Shamsuddin Shahid Bachan Singh Morteza Mohsenipour Eun-Sung Chung Xiao-Jun Wang 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2018,23(2):131-140
This study aimed to assess the impacts of climate change on residential energy consumption in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. The monthly electricity consumption data for the period 2011–2014 and long-term climate variables namely monthly rainfall and temperature records (1961–2010) were used in the study. An ensemble of six global circulation models (GCMs) of coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5) namely, BCCCSM1-1, CanESM2, MIROC5, MIROC-ESM, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, and NorESM1-M under four representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios were used to project future changes in rainfall and temperature. The regression models describing the relationship between historical energy consumption and climate variables were developed to project future changes in energy consumptions. The results revealed that daily energy consumption in Dhaka city increases in the range of 6.46–11.97 and 2.37–6.25 MkWh at 95% level of confidence for every increase of temperature by 1 °C and daily average rainfall by 1 mm, respectively. This study concluded that daily total residential energy demand and peak demand in Dhaka city can increase up to 5.9–15.6 and 5.1–16.7%, respectively, by the end of this century under different climate change scenarios. 相似文献
82.
This study performs a field analysis of the diffusion collection rate coefficients of radial geometry passive samplers to measure NO2 in a Mediterranean coastal area. The study shows that the collection rate coefficients are not constant and depend on certain environmental parameters as well as on the levels of some co-pollutants. A mathematical model, which explains the variation of the collection rate coefficient, has been established. 相似文献
83.
The objective of this study is to develop an alternative evaluation index (AEI) in order to determine the priorities of a range of alternatives using both the hydrological simulation program in FORTRAN (HSPF) and multicriteria decision making (MCDM) techniques. In order to formulate the HSPF model, sensitivity analyses of water quantity (peak discharge and total volume) and quality (BOD peak concentrations and total loads) are conducted and a number of critical parameters were selected. To achieve a more precise simulation, the study watershed is divided into four regions for calibration and verification according to landuse, location, slope, and climate data. All evaluation criteria were selected using the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) model, a sustainability evaluation concept. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to estimate the weights of the criteria and the effects of water quantity and quality were quantified by HSPF simulation. In addition, AEIs that reflected residents' preferences for management objectives are proposed in order to induce the stakeholder to participate in the decision making process. 相似文献
84.
Li CR Lee SH Kim SS Kim A Lee KW Lu M Kim HE Kwak IJ Lee YJ Kim DK Lee JS Kang SW Huh MD Chung KH Park JS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,150(1-4):397-404
Serum vitellogenin (VTG) contents of wild goldfish (Carassius auratus) were investigated as a sensitive biomarker for artificial estrogenic compounds in aquatic environments. Goldfish was sampled from a pristine area, a river situated 5 km downstream from a sewage treatment works (STW), and also from the Young-San River in Korea. The female yolk precursor protein VTG was not detected when gonadosomatic index (GSI) was less than 0.85%, while VTG levels of >10 microg/ml were found in males whose GSI was less than 1.53%. In male goldfish sampled from STW and the Young-San River, the higher VTG corresponded to lower GSI. This study suggested a trend that gonad development was connected to VTG levels in both sexes, and the application of GSI and histological analysis provide an attractive possibility that it could be included in the panel of markers used for estrogenic activity investigation of aquatic environments. 相似文献
85.
The wide-scale reclamation of tidal flats distributed throughout the western and southern coastal areas in Korea has been completed, in an effort to expand the available arable land. The present studies were conducted in order to characterize the concentrations and compositional patterns of selected PAHs, in order to obtain more information regarding environmental risk assessments for sustainable and environment-friendly agriculture in reclaimed tidelands and tidelands in South Korea. The PAH contents were low to moderate, relative to other urbanized regions of the world. Sigma PAHs ranged from 69.8 to 1,175.2 ng g(-1) in dry weight, with a mean value of 394.4 ng g(-1). Differences were observed in the Sigma PAHs concentrations between industrial complex areas and rural regions. The two dominant PAHs were identified as fluoranthene and pyrene. These compounds constituted 1.4 to 55.0% (mean, 33.4%) and 2.7 to 45.6% (mean, 22.0%) of the Sigma PAHs. Our correlation analysis revealed that the Sigma PAHs contents were associated significantly with the organic carbon content (R(2) = 0.86, P < 0.01) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC; R(2) = 0.89, P < 0.01) in the reclaimed tidelands and tidelands. 相似文献
86.
The aim of this study was to determine the dietary exposure of DDT in foodstuffs consumed in Hong Kong by secondary school students in Hong Kong in 2005. Food samples of domestic or imported food were collected randomly from local markets for the determination of DDT. The analytical method for this survey was based on isotope dilution technique. DDT isomers were determined at parts per billion (mugkg(-1)) levels in foods by pressured fluid extraction followed by gel permeation column cleanup and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Among the 98 composite samples, 25 were found positive with DDT levels greater than the limit of quantitation (LOQ) (1mugkg(-1) for each isomer of DDT). Only two of the meat products were found to contain low levels of the metabolites of DDT. A number of fish and shellfish were found to contain not just the metabolites of DDT, but also parent DDT. The main contribution to DDT was from seafood. The dietary intake of DDT for an average and high secondary school student consumers were estimated to be 0.145 and 0.291mugkg(-1)bwd(-1), respectively. Both levels fell well below the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) of 10mugkg(-1)bwd(-1) established by the Joint Food Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR). It was concluded that both the average and high secondary school student consumers were unlikely to experience major toxicological effects of DDT. 相似文献
87.
Mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) is a recent development in the environmental research field for the complete destruction of organic pollutants. This study presents the destruction of EDTA by cerium(IV) MEO process in nitric acid medium. The destruction reaction was carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor under various conditions. A simple kinetic model was developed to analyze and simulate the organic destruction in the MEO process. The model was based on the calculation of the total mass balance, the component mass balance, and the energy balance in the reactor and also in the heating jacket. The sensitivity to key operating conditions such as the initial EDTA concentration (50-200 mM), EDTA feeding time (30-180 min), reaction temperature (323-363 K), and the rate laws corresponding to zero-, first-, second-, and third-order reaction were analyzed. It was found that the model simulated agreed well with the experimental data for EDTA oxidation. The results obtained showed the suitability of the MEO process for the effective mineralization of high concentrations of EDTA. 相似文献
88.
This study compared three forecasting models based on the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of their accuracy in forecasting
air pollution in a traffic tunnel: the Grey model (GM), the combination model used four sample point and five sample point
prediction with GM (1,1)(GM(1,1)4 + 5), and the modified grey model (MGM). An MGM was combined using the four points of the original sequence using the original
grey prediction GM (1,1) for short-term forecasting. The proposed method cannot only enhance the prediction accuracy of the
original grey model, but can also solve the jump data forecasting problem something for which the original grey model is inappropriate.
The MAPE was applied to the models, and the MGM found the proposed method to be simple and efficient. The MAPE of MGM, calculated
over 3 h of forecasts, were as follows: 10.12 (Upwind), 10.07 (Middle) and 7.68 (Downwind) for CO; 10.79 (Upwind), 6.05 (Middle)
and 5.98 (Downwind) for NO
x
, and 11.67 (Upwind), 7.32 (Middle) and 4.56 (Downwind) for NMHC. The MGM model results reveal that the combined forecasts
can significantly decrease the overall forecasting error. Results of this demonstrate that MGM can accurately forecast air
pollution in the Kaohsiung Chung–Cheng Tunnel. 相似文献
89.
Wu LC Wei CB Yang SS Chang TH Pan HW Chung YC 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(3):319-327
River and sediment have unique carbon dynamics and are important sources of the dominant greenhouse gases (GHG), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). To understand the relationship between CO2/CH4 emissions and water quality/sediment characteristics, we have investigated critical parameters in the river water. Eight parameters of water quality (dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential [ORP], chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand [BOD5], suspended solid, nitrate [NO3-], NH4+, and bacteria) and four sediment characteristics (total organic carbon [TOC], total nitrogen [T-N], NO3-, and ammonium [NH4+]) were measured in two of the larger rivers in Taiwan, and relevant environmental conditions were recorded. The experimental results indicated that CO2 emissions from the river were mainly affected by BOD5 concentrations and the levels of bacteria. CH4 emissions, on the other hand, were greatly affected by the ORP in the river. The correlation between CO2 emissions and sediment characteristics was insignificant (R2 < 0.3). However, TOC and T-N in the sediment may lead to increases in CH4 emissions into the atmosphere. A deeper analysis of the relationship between the different parameters and GHG emissions by ANOVA and the multiple regression method revealed that CO2 emission (y) was significantly related to bacteria number (x1) and BOD concentration (X2). The regression equation takes the form y = 0.00032x1 + 3.18089x2 + 25.37304. Also, the regression relationship between CH4 emission (y) and ORP (x) in the river can be described as y = -0.825216x + 169.02257. The relationship between CH4 emission and sediment characteristics may be described as y = 5.073962x1(TOC) + 2.871245x2(T-N) - 12.3262. Extra sampling data were collected to examine the feasibility of the developed multiple regression equations. The experimental results suggest that the emissions of such GHGs as CO2 and CH4 from rivers can be predicted using the regression equations developed here. Moreover, the emissions may be reduced by manipulating the proper factors. 相似文献
90.
Air quality in underground spaces has seldom been evaluated in Korea. Accordingly, the current study recently evaluated asbestos exposure among Seoul metropolitan subway workers during the renovation of the subway's air-conditioning system. To identify possible routes of asbestos exposure, suspected sources, including gaskets, ceiling boards, ceiling materials, and dust settled inside ducts, were all sampled. Personal air samples were also taken to evaluate any asbestos exposure during the renovation. The asbestos fibers found in the samples were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). Twelve out of eighteen bulk samples contained asbestos, the majority of which was chrysotile fibers. Asbestos was detected in 9 out of 72 personal air samples and the level ranged from 0.003 to 0.02 fibers/cm(3). While asbestos levels were below Korean occupational limit of 2 fibers/cm(3), they were still detectable and therefore further monitoring would be appropriate. 相似文献