循环经济发展指标体系研究及实证评价

以“3R”原则为指导和出发点,构建了自上而下的树型指标体系(包含目标层-控制层-指标层三层指标体系)。并形成了理论指标体系和操作指标体系,分别面向推广应用的理论研究和规划管理。据此,运用灰色关联度分析方法,对南通市循环经济规划进行预评价。分析发现：随着循环经济建设的不断推进。南通市循环经济发展水平将不断提升,但是其提升与发展表现出明显的阶段性特征,具体是：2002—2007年是对传统经济发展方式的延续与改造,因而仍处于相对粗放型的经济发展状态。循环经济建设的重点是污染减量排放和资源减量化;2008—2010年是粗放经济向集约经济转轨的阶段,此阶段更加注重生态环境保护以及污染减排和治理;2011-2020年进入了循环经济发展的初级阶段,资源集约型和节约型的循环经济初具规模。     

长江三角洲地区耕地质量变化的初步研究——以锡山市为例

长江三角洲地区耕地质量变化的监测是区土地可持续利用研究的重点领域。锡山市位于太湖平原北部，其耕地质量变化过程反映了长江三角洲腹地经济发展水平较高地区的耕地现状和发展趋势。本研究以锡山市为典型区，依据第二次土壤普查资料，多年土壤监测数据和有关耕地系统状态的统计数据，结合研究区耕地状况的调查分析，提出了支持压力－状态－响应模型的耕地质量评价指标体系，并据此指标体系分析了该区耕地质量变化趋势。结果表明，该区耕地系统的发展总体上是可控的、有序的、但是耕地系统产出能力的稳定性呈下降趋势，系统高水平投入的维持面临较大的压力。鉴于人口增加和耕地持续减少的态势在很长一段时间内难以逆转，耕地占补的质量差异因素，是该区能否实现耕地总量动态平衡的关键所在。     

长江中下游河道与岸线演变特点

分析了长江中下游河道岸线变化的主要因素，它们分别是河岸崩塌，泥沙淤积及人类活动等，其中河岸崩塌是河道岸线演变的最主要原因。总的来说长江中下游干流河势是稳定的，但五个河段有各自演变特点和规律，其中宜昌－枝城段河道与河床比较稳定，岸线顺直，但葛洲坝和三峡水利枢纽建成后对河床的冲刷作用较大；荆江段是长江著名的河曲段，其冲淤变化较大；城陵矶至湖口段为节点和分汊河床组成，一般来说节点较为稳定，而分汊河床不太稳定，湖口至江阴河段岸线一般较为稳定，但弯道河床变化较大；河口段不但受江流作用影响，还受潮流与波浪等共同影响，所以河口河床演变迅速，主要表现为汊道主泓迁移摆动。     

Deep learning architecture for air quality predictions

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, many developing countries are suffering from heavy air pollution. Governments and citizens have expressed increasing concern regarding air pollution because it affects human health and sustainable development worldwide. Current air quality prediction methods mainly use shallow models; however, these methods produce unsatisfactory results, which inspired us to investigate methods of predicting air quality based on deep architecture models. In this paper, a novel spatiotemporal deep learning (STDL)-based air quality prediction method that inherently considers spatial and temporal correlations is proposed. A stacked autoencoder (SAE) model is used to extract inherent air quality features, and it is trained in a greedy layer-wise manner. Compared with traditional time series prediction models, our model can predict the air quality of all stations simultaneously and shows the temporal stability in all seasons. Moreover, a comparison with the spatiotemporal artificial neural network (STANN), auto regression moving average (ARMA), and support vector regression (SVR) models demonstrates that the proposed method of performing air quality predictions has a superior performance.     

三峡蓄水前后宜昌–城陵矶水情多尺度变化特征分析

采用Morlet小波分解重构和频谱分析等方法,对宜昌、枝城、沙市、监利和城陵矶1997~2014年水位和流量及三峡水库2003~2014年入库、出库流量和库水位数据进行了统计分析,探究了各水文站在三峡建坝前后水情的变化特征及原因。结果表明:各观测站的水位和流量沿程递减,水位的年内波动处同一水平,研究河段内上游河段流量年内和年际变化比下游河段剧烈;各水文站水位和流量变化的显著周期为6.05、11.78、21.2、30.29和53个月,各水文站水位1 a周期变化幅度均在2 m以上,其他周期上的变化幅度为0.08~0.82 m;三峡水库蓄水活动对下游水文站水位和流量等水情的影响有限,主要反映在对水情趋势项的影响上,三峡大坝蓄水后,各水文站水位和流量受到一定程度影响,呈波动性递减变化。     

丝素/SiO_2杂化膜固定化多酚氧化酶处理模拟含酚废水

粗马铃薯多酚氧化酶固定于丝素/SiO2杂化膜上,从而得到丝素/SiO2杂化膜固定化多酚氧化酶.并用于处理模拟含酚废水.丝素/SiO2杂化膜在水中的溶失率小于丝素膜在水中的溶失率.所得丝素/SiO2杂化膜固定化多酚氧化酶的最适宜pH为7.4.相对于游离多酚氧化酶.该酶具有较好的热稳定性、贮存稳定性及重复使用性.研究表明,丝素/SiO2杂化膜固定化多酚氧化酶有实际处理含酚废水的可能.     

FS—IV^＋流动注射仪测定地表水中氨氮

铵与碱性酚和次氯酸钠反应生成靛蓝化合物,其色度与铵的浓度成正比,亚硝基氰化物使蓝色增强,在660nm处测量吸光度值;采用Flow Solution-IV^＋（FS-IV^＋）流动注射仪测定地表水中氨氮,检测范围0～10．00mg／L,检出限0．008mg／L,分析速率51个样S／h;对方法精密度、准确度、加标回收进行了实验,结果令人满意。该方法具有自动进样、分析速率快、试剂耗量低等优点,可应用于大批量常规地表水分析。     

四川省地级城市人居环境评价研究

人居环境是人类生存和发展的基础,其质量的好坏不仅直接关系到人类身心健康,还是人口、社会、环境、资源相互协调的问题,也是衡量人类社会进步与文明发展程度的重要标志.近30年来,人居环境问题已引起世界范围的广泛关注,但缺乏对区域的对比研究.本文通过对城市人居环境研究的简要回顾,提出了具有明显区域性、人地和谐的城市人居环境框架;在物元分析的基础上,应用模糊集理论,建立了区域环境友好型的人居环境模糊物元模型,并将该模型用于四川省地级市的人地和谐的城市人居环境评价的实证研究中.通过贴近度对17个地级市进行了排序和分级,结果表明,该方法在区域人居环境评价中具有一定的理论价值和可操作性.     

Important role of reaction field in photodegradation of deca-bromodiphenyl ether: Theoretical and experimental investigations of solvent effects

Photolysis of deca-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) was investigated in tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, isopropanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide. Noticeable differences of the photolytic rates and quantum yields were found in the diverse solvents. Different to the previous deductions, hydrogen donating efficiency and electron donating efficiency of solvents were not the decisive factors for the photolytic rate in this study, which was proved by the fast photolysis of BDE-209 in CCl₄, a solvent without hydrogen and difficult to donate electrons. Besides hydrogen addition process, intermolecular polymerization might occur during the photolysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed to understand the molecular properties of BDE-209 in different solvents. The lowest singlet vertical excitation energy (E_ex) and the average formal charge on Br () of BDE-209, reflecting the difficulty for the excitation of BDE-209 and for the departing of Br atom, respectively, were changed by the reaction fields formed by the different solvents. E_ex and linearly correlated with the photolytic activity (log k). This study is helpful to better understand the photolytic behavior of BDE-209 in different media.     

Part V—sorption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products

Background, aim, and scope  Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) including antibiotics, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and veterinary pharmaceuticals are emerging pollutants, and their environmental risk was not emphasized until a decade ago. These compounds have been reported to cause adverse impacts on wildlife and human. However, compared to the studies on hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) whose sorption characteristics is reviewed in Part IV of this review series, information on PPCPs is very limited. Thus, a summary of recent research progress on PPCP sorption in soils or sediments is necessary to clarify research requirements and directions. Main features  We reviewed the research progress on PPCP sorption in soils or sediments highlighting PPCP sorption different from that of HOCs. Special function of humic substances (HSs) on PPCP behavior is summarized according to several features of PPCP–soil or sediment interaction. In addition, we discussed the behavior of xenobiotic chemicals in a three-phase system (dissolved organic matter (DOM)–mineral–water). The complexity of three-phase systems was also discussed. Results  Nonideal sorption of PPCPs in soils or sediments is generally reported, and PPCP sorption behavior is relatively a more complicated process compared to HOC sorption, such as the contribution of inorganic fractions, fast degradation and metabolite sorption, and species-specific sorption mechanism. Thus, mechanistic studies are urgently needed for a better understanding of their environmental risk and for pollution control. Discussion  Recent research progress on nonideal sorption has not been incorporated into fate modeling of xenobiotic chemicals. A major reason is the complexity of the three-phase system. First of all, lack of knowledge in describing DOM fractionation after adsorption by mineral particles is one of the major restrictions for an accurate prediction of xenobiotic chemical behavior in the presence of DOM. Secondly, no explicit mathematical relationship between HS chemical–physical properties, and their sorption characteristics has been proposed. Last but not least, nonlinear interactions could exponentially increase the complexity and uncertainties of environmental fate models for xenobiotics. Discussion on proper simplification of fate modeling in the framework of nonlinear interactions is still unavailable. Conclusions  Although the methodologies and concepts for studying HOC environmental fate could be adopted for PPCP study, their differences should be highly understood. Prediction of PPCP environmental behavior needs to combine contributions from various fractions of soils or sediments and the sorption of their metabolites and different species. Recommendations and perspectives  More detailed studies on PPCP sorption in separated soil or sediment fractions are needed in order to propose a model predicting PPCP sorption in soils or sediments based on soil or sediment properties. The information on sorption of PPCP metabolites and species and the competition between them is still not enough to be incorporated into any predictive models.