环境监理在原料药项目中的应用实践

文章在总结中国环境监理的特点和实践现状基础上,根据原料药项目的污染特点,分析原料药项目的环境监理流程及需注意的监理事项,以促进原料药项目环境监理工作的发展与交流,使环境监理工作更好地服务于环保管理。     

野战弹药库战场生存能力对策研究

野战弹药库战场生存能力是其发挥快速保障能力、质量保障能力的前提。对提升野战弹药库战场生存能力的研究,有助于增强我军战斗力、打赢现代化战争。通过对战场野战弹药库生存能力影响因素的分析,提出了一系列相应提升其生存能力的防护措施。     

野战弹药储存防热现状及温度指标论证

分析了野战弹药的储存防热现状,论证了野战弹药储存防热的温度指标。通过对火炸药储存性能参数的计算并结合我国的实际气候状况,确定了野战弹药的储存防热指标为环境温度应控制在40℃以下。最后,提出了今后野战弹药储存防热的研究方向。     

硝化过程中影响亚硝酸盐积累的因素

采用间歇式批试验法,改变pH值、DO浓度和温度,试验发现:当pH值分别为8.2、7.5、9.2、6.5和5.0,DO分别为1.0mg/L、2.0mg/L、4.5mg/L和温度为30℃、25℃、35℃和10℃时,氨氧化速率依次减小。进水氨氮浓度为50mg/L～250mg/L,保持pH值为8.0±0.2时,游离氨浓度为4.45mg/L～22.68mg/L左右,最大HNO2浓度远<0.2mg/L,游离氨和HNO2对好氧氨氧化菌的影响较小。结果表明,pH值、DO浓度和温度对好氧氨氧化菌的富集有显著影响。在富集过程中,控制pH值、DO浓度和温度是关键因素,游离氨和HNO2进行适当控制,以保证抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌而不抑制好氧氨氧化菌。     

含铬电镀废水的资源化处理

针对电镀厂产生的高浓度含铬废水,研究了硫化钠还原沉淀法回收电镀废水中的铬的可能性。讨论了pH、投药量、反应时间和搅拌速率等变量对铬回收效果的影响。结果表明:在pH1.6,工业硫化钠(60%)投加量为4.0g/L废水,搅拌速率170r/min和反应时间t=90min的条件下能够将原水中初始浓度为533.1mg/L的三价铬C(rⅢ)和530.0mg/L的六价铬[C(rⅥ)]分别降到42.9mg/L和0.01mg/L。此时铬渣中三氧化二铬(Cr2O3)含量为29.5%,满足回用要求。接下来,为了进一步去除残余的三价铬C(rⅢ),利用正交试验设计讨论了重金属捕集剂(FZ)对其去除的最佳条件。在上述条件下出水中总铬(TCr)浓度最终降到0.94mg/L。     

规划环境影响评价技术方法发展现状及其局限

结合国外规划环评的做法和发展趋势,分析我国规划环评面临的局限性,提出应从提高环评人员专业水平、ⅱ将最新环保理念渗透到环评报告中去等,才能提高环评报告的有效性,使规划环评真正成为规划决策的一部分.     

UASB反应器处理精制棉废水的试验研究

采用颗粒污泥接种UASB厌氧反应器处理精制棉生产废水,对其可生化性及能降解程度进行研究。通过近1个月的运行可知：在进水CODCr质量浓度为5000—6000mg／L,HRT为24h,容积负荷在4．5～6．2kg／（m3·d）的范围时,有机污染物的去除率稳定保持在70％～80％的范围内,并且运行稳定。     

Anaerobic treatment of fresh leachate from a municipal solid waste incinerator by upflow blanket filter reactor

This paper describes the feasibility of fresh leachate treatment by an upflow blanket filter (UBF). Through dilution and partial effluent recycling, the organic loading rates increased from 0.51 to 14.56 kg COD/(m³·d), meanwhile the corresponding hydraulic retention time decreased from 9.0 to 3.6 d. The reactor was able to achieve steady-state within 80 d. Based on the distribution of COD fluxes in the process, it was concluded that anabolism was the main pathway of COD removal in the initial phase (1–33 d), accounting for 57%–85% of total COD removed. As the anaerobic consortium of bacteria reached steady-state (after 70–86 d), the majority of COD removed was transformed into methane, because the specific methane yield was close to the theoretical value (0.36 L CH₄/(g COD_deg)).     

Effects of nitrate concentration on biological hydrogen production by mixed cultures

The effects of nitrate on fermentative hydrogen production and soluble metabolites from mixed cultures were investigated by varying nitrate concentrations from 0 to 10 g N/L at 35°C with an initial pH of 7.0. The results showed that the substrate degradation rate, hydrogen production potential, hydrogen yield, and average hydrogen production rate initially increased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0 to 0.1 g N/L, while they decreased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0.1 to 10 g N/L. The maximum hydrogen production potential of 305.0 mL, maximum hydrogen yield of 313.1 mL/g glucose, and maximum average hydrogen production rate of 13.3 mL/h were obtained at a nitrate concentration of 0.1 g N/L. The soluble metabolites produced by the mixed cultures contained only ethanol and acetic acid (HAc) without propionic acid (HPr) and butyric acid (HBu). This study used the Modified Logistic model to describe the progress of cumulative hydrogen production in batch tests. A concise model was proposed to describe the effects of nitrate concentration on average hydrogen production rate.     

污水脱氮除磷工艺发展探讨

去除废水中的氮、磷营养元素,是污水处理工艺发展的必然趋势,在参阅大量国内外文献资料的基础上,介绍了城市污水脱氮除磷新工艺--生物倍增工艺、MSBR工艺.对这2种新工艺的基本原理、特点及今后的发展动向等作了详细阐述.