黑曲霉对海口城市垃圾焚烧飞灰生物淋滤作用的影响

采用黑曲霉淋滤海口垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属,通过定期监测淋滤过程中的菌体浓度,pH值和飞灰中四种超标重金属Cr、Zn、Cd、Pb在淋滤液中的浓度来探讨黑曲霉对海口城市垃圾焚烧飞灰生物淋滤作用的影响.结果表明:在生物淋滤初期,黑曲霉生长延迟,对飞灰中重金属的滤出作用不明显.随后黑曲霉菌丝浓度缓慢升高,淋滤液pH下降,4种金属在淋滤液中的浓度均不断增加,Cr、Zn、Cd、Pb分别在第12、12、9、12天达到峰值1.51 mg/L、75.72 mg/L、2.18 mg/L、19.09 mg/L.在第18天实验结束时,这4种重金属在淋滤液中的浓度均随菌丝球的出现显著下降.因此黑曲霉可有效去除飞灰中的Cr、Zn、Cd,Pb,并通过将其固定在菌丝球中,降低其在淋滤液中的浓度.     

Two-step fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production using microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst

A novel technology of two-step fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis(f MAP) of corn stover for bio-oil production was investigated in the presence of microwave absorbent(Si C) and HZSM-5catalyst. Effects of f MAP temperature and catalyst-to-biomass ratio on bio-oil yield and chemical components were examined. The results showed that this technology, employing microwave, microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst, was effective and promising for biomass fast pyrolysis. The f MAP temperature of 500°C was considered the optimum condition for maximum yield and best quality of bio-oil. Besides, the bio-oil yield decreased linearly and the chemical components in bio-oil were improved sequentially with the increase of catalyst-to-biomass ratio from 1:100 to 1:20. The elemental compositions of bio-char were also determined. Additionally, compared to one-step f MAP process, two-step f MAP could promote the bio-oil quality with a smaller catalyst-to-biomass ratio.     

Enhanced methane production in an anaerobic digestion and microbial electrolysis cell coupled system with co-cultivation of Geobacter and Methanosarcina

The anaerobic digestion(AD)and microbial electrolysis cell(MEC)coupled system has been proved to be a promising process for biomethane production.In this paper,it was found that by co-cultivating Geobacter with Methanosarcina in an AD–MEC coupled system,methane yield was further increased by 24.1%,achieving to 360.2 m L/g-COD,which was comparable to the theoretical methane yield of an anaerobic digester.With the presence of Geobacter,the maximum chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate(216.8 mg COD/(L·hr))and current density(304.3 A/m_3)were both increased by 1.3 and 1.8 fold compared to the previous study without Geobacter,resulting in overall energy efficiency reaching up to 74.6%.Community analysis demonstrated that Geobacter and Methanosarcina could coexist together in the biofilm,and the electrochemical activities of both were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry.Our study observed that the carbon dioxide content in total gas generated from the AD reactor with Geobacter was only half of that generated from the same reactor without Geobacter,suggesting that Methanosarcina may obtain the electron transferred from Geobacter for the reduction of carbon dioxide to methane.Taken together,Geobacter not only can improve the performance of the MEC system,but also can enhance methane production.     

Using a novel adsorbent macrocyclic compound cucurbit[8]uril for Pb removal from aqueous solution

In this study, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) was utilized as a kind of new adsorbent to remove Pb^2 + ions from aqueous solution. With the solution pH increased from 2 to 6, the removal efficiency of adsorption increased from 55.6% to 74.5%correspondingly. The uptake of Pb^2 + increased rapidly in the initial 30 min, and then the adsorption rate became slower. The Pseudo-second order model could be used to interpret the adsorption kinetics satisfactorily; and the rate determining step in Pb^2 + adsorption onto CB[8] was the external mass transfer step. Equilibrium isotherm study reveals that the Langmuir model gave a better fitting result than Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model was 152.67 mg/g for 298 K, 149.70 mg/g for 313 K and 136.42 mg/g for 323 K, respectively. The adsorption is a spontaneous process of exothermic nature. The effect of the adsorbent dosage and the influences of solution pH and co-existing cations were also investigated. The CB[8] was synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, IR, ESI-MS spectra, SEM-EDAX, Zeta-potential and BET-analysis. The adsorption mechanism was due to the coordination between CB[8] molecule and Pb^2 + ions.     

黄土高原及周边地区土壤有机质对现代土壤磁化率的影响

磁化率是黄土-古土壤序列古气候研究的一个重要指标。本文调查了黄土高原及周边地区三种类型土壤的磁化率、土壤有机碳含量、有机碳同位素组成和碳氮比值等指标。样品采集自黄土-沙漠过渡区、黄土塬面和森林地区,代表了黄土高原地区主要的土壤类型。结果显示:黄土塬面、林区、黄土-沙漠过渡区土壤的磁化率变化区间分别为26.6×10~(-8)—61.4×10~(-8) m~3?kg~(-1)、68.6×10~(-8)—107.5×10~(-8) m~3?kg~(-1)、8.5×10~(-8)—44.4×10~(-8) m~3?kg~(-1)。黄土塬面土壤有机碳含量在0.05%到0.62%之间变化,而林区土壤的有机碳含量在1.19%到3.35%间变化。黄土塬面的土壤C/N比值也较低,在0.6到6.1之间变化,林区样品C/N比值在6.2到11.83之间变化。黄土-沙漠过渡区土壤磁化率较低,森林地区土壤磁化率较高,土壤磁化率与有机碳含量、C/N比值呈正相关关系。笔者认为有机质含量增加对土壤的磁化率增强有明显贡献。有机质含量较高时,更适宜土壤中磁性细菌的生长。同时,较高的有机质含量指示着较高植被覆盖,这也对土壤中磁性矿物增加有一定贡献。燃烧有机质还会使非磁性矿物更易转化为磁性矿物。这些因素都会增强土壤的磁化率。     

航海雷达溢油信息采集分析模型

首先阐述了航海雷达海杂波图像溢油提取分析的工作原理和国内外研究现状,基于SPx、OpenCV、Matlab等软件技术和HPx航海雷达信号采集卡,提出溢油数据采集分析工作流程和软硬件架构体系,实现航海雷达溢油信息采集分析模型,并结合大连716溢油事件的实际案例进行验证。该模型在保证航海雷达原有导航避碰功能的基础上,进行原始信号转换,同步实现海上溢油监测,为海上溢油监测预警、溢油轨迹回推、溢油应急处置等工作提供数据基础。     

基于GIS和地统计学的滩涂增养殖区沉积物重金属污染评价

采用地理信息系统(GIS)、地统计方法和潜在生态危害指数法相结合的方法,对江苏省如东滩涂增养殖区沉积物中的Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb进行了综合定量化污染评价研究.结果生成了沉积物重金属综合生态危害风险指数空间分布图,发现整个调查区域部属轻微生态危害,且靠近排污口的区域生态危害程度较重,与实际情况相符.说明使用GIS和地统计...     

湿热环境下某引信储存寿命评估

简述了进行某引信湿热环境储存可靠性试验的试验场地、试验样本量的确定方法以及试验结果,分析探讨了引信在湿热环境中的储存可靠性试验数据的处理方法,依据该引信储存可靠性试验结果,得出了某引信在湿热环境中储存4a后储存可靠性不低于0.90的结论.     

领结图分析法在组织变更中的应用

介绍了领结图分析方法的分析过程及在组织变更中的应用。应用于组织变更过程时,识别变更带来的风险及需要制定的控制措施,并结合检查和差距分析手段,确定组织的关键安全岗位,以保障组织的安全管理水平不会因变更的原因而降低。     

醋酸酯生产线物料输送泵的选型与污染物排放量的关系

以钱塘江上游某化工企业的醋酸酯生产线为例,通过分析物料输送泵优化技改前后的工艺流程和污染物排放情况,从而佐证化工行业物料输送泵的选型与污染物排放量是密切相关的,可以达到指导该类项目的环境影响评价和清洁生产审核,同时也能为企业的节能减排提供一定的技术依据。