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151.
为了能给污泥资源开发利用开辟新的途径,以黄土为供试土壤,小麦(Triticumaestivum L.)为供试作物。采用盆栽试验研究了泥在不同Cd胁迫黄土中对小麦生长的影响及其对小麦各部位Cd的富集迁移规律。试验设计2个污泥处理水平,每个塑料盆中加入8.0 kg供试土壤或污泥含量为4.0%的供试土壤,土壤中以Cd(NO3)2·4H2O溶液形式加入的Cd质量分数分别为0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、25.0、50 mg·kg^-1,对应各处理为TS1-TS7。各胁迫水平均设置3个平行,同时设置对照TS0。结果表明,黄土中低水平的Cd胁迫可促进小麦的生长,且在Cd污染水平5.0 mg·kg^-1时施污泥和未施污泥土壤中小麦生物量均最大,而高水平的Cd胁迫抑制小麦的生长,且Cd胁迫水平越高,抑制作用越强烈;Cd胁迫下施用污泥可促进小麦的生长,尤其是茎叶和籽粒的生长;小麦各部位Cd的含量随土壤Cd处理水平的升高而增加且呈显著正相关(P<0.05),各部位最大浓度分别可以达到:45.32、14.41、9.66 mg·kg^-1,且根系>茎叶>籽粒,污泥的施用能促进小麦对Cd的吸收;小麦各部位对Cd的富集能力均随着土壤Cd胁迫水平的升高而先增加后减小,污泥的施用在一定程度上提高了小麦对Cd的富集能力,各部位富集系数最大分值分别为1.81、0.93、0.51,但对Cd进入小麦根系后向茎叶和籽粒的迁移影响不显著。 相似文献
152.
Xiaoxia Ou Chong Wang Fengjie Zhang Xie Quan Yan Ma He Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(2):157-163
The photodegradation of atrazine and the photochemical formation of Fe(II) and H2O2 in aqueous solutions containing salicylic acid and Fe(III) were studied under simulated sunlight irradiation. Atrazine photolysis followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the rate constant (k) corresponding to the solution of Fe(III)-salicylic acid complex (Fe(III)-SA) was only 0.0153 h?1, roughly one eighth of the k observed in the Fe(III) alone solution (0.115 h?1). Compared with Fe(III) solution, the presence of salicylic acid significantly enhanced the formation of Fe(II) but greatly decreased H2O2 generation, and their subsequent product, hydroxyl radical (˙OH), was much less, accounting for the low rate of atrazine photodegradation in Fe(III)-SA solution. The interaction of Fe(III) with salicylic acid was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption, indicating that Fe(III)-salicylic acid complex could be formed by ligand exchange between the hydrogen ions in salicylic acid and Fe(III) ions. 相似文献
153.
154.
以养殖废水为底料的微生物燃料电池产电性能与水质净化效果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以养殖场沼泥为接种物,构建了乙二胺、三氯化铁改性碳毡阳极的单室无膜微生物燃料电池,探讨了2种阳极改性电池的产电规律,考察了其去除养殖废水中COD、氨氮的效果以及臭味的表观性状变化。结果表明,以葡萄糖为底物时,乙二胺、三氯化铁改性阳极微生物燃料电池在启动20 d和22 d后分别达到稳定,输出电压分别为0.514 V和0.527V(外阻为500Ω),对应输出功率密度分别为332 mW/m2和349 mW/m2。逐渐增大废水投加比例至原水时,2个电池的最大功率密度分别为208 mW/m2和158 mW/m2,COD去除率分别为85%和78%,氨氮去除率分别为52%和45%。此外,养殖废水的臭味去除效果明显。因此,构建的2种改性阳极微生物燃料电池可以利用养殖废水产电,同时使水质得到一定程度的净化。 相似文献
155.
河湖疏浚淤泥的表征、絮凝和脱水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以无锡锡山湿地公园河道淤泥及太湖贡湖湾疏浚底泥为研究对象,对比分析了两种淤泥的矿物组成、粒径分布及泥微粒表面基团、ζ电位等理化特性。以聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物(polyacrylamide,PAM)为絮凝剂,对比分析了其在2种底泥絮凝分离、真空抽滤脱水过程中的作用特征,并对相关影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,两种淤泥样具有相近的主体矿物组分、有机基团及ζ电位值,但有机质含量稍高的淤泥样中大颗粒所占比例相对较高。相比阳离子型PAM,阴离子型PAM在较少用量下即可获得较大絮团,但上清液浊度较高。絮凝泥在抽滤过程受絮团尺寸影响较大,PAM不同类型基团间的差异对其影响较小,但对趋于平衡后的泥饼含水率略有影响。 相似文献
156.
157.
锅炉烟尘测试方法中规定,在锅炉运行出力大于锅炉额定负荷70%时的工况条件下,烟尘的测试结果才为有效。为此,应用有关数学公式进行计算,根据计算结果判断当时的锅炉运行工况是否符合测试要求,以避免无效监测。 相似文献
158.
SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- are important chemical components of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),especially during haze periods.This study selected two haze episodes in Beijing,China with similar meteorological conditions.A monitoring-modeling approach was developed to estimate the secondary conversion ratios of sulfur and nitrogen based on monitored and simulated concentrations.Measurements showed that in Episode 1(24th–25th October,2014),the concentrations(proportions)of SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- reached 35.1μg/m~3(14.9%) and 55.0μg/m~3(22.9%),while they reached 14.4μg/m~3(9.3%) and 59.1μg/m~3(38.1%)in Episode 2(26th–27th October,2017).A modeling system was applied to apportion Beijing's SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- in primary and secondary SO_4~(2-)/NO_3~- emitted from local and regional sources.Thus,secondary conversion contributions considering the local and regional level were defined.The former primarily focused on Beijing atmospheric oxidation ability and the latter mainly considered the existence form of Beijing SO_4~(2-)/NO_3~- under the regional transport impacts.Finally,secondary oxidation ratios were estimated through combining secondary conversion contribution coefficients for simulated and monitored concentrations.At regional level,sulfur oxidation ratios in polluted(clean)days during two sampling periods were0.57–0.72(0.07–0.52)and 0.74–0.80(0.08–0.61),nitrogen oxidation ratios were 0.20–0.29(0.05–0.15)and 0.34–0.38(0.02–0.29),indicating that atmospheric oxidation was enhanced when considering regional transport through 2014–2017.At the local level,sulfur oxidation ratios were 0.66–0.71(0.04–0.48)in haze(clean)days,while nitrogen oxidation ratios were0.16–0.29(0.02–0.16).The atmospheric oxidation ability markedly increased in PM_(2.5)pollution days,but changed only slightly between the two periods. 相似文献
159.
为对深水高压气井测试地面流程中的节流油嘴段的温压场及水合物生成情况进行研究,采用数值模拟的方式对整个节流管路进行气体流动特性分析.并利用P-T图回归公式法,得出不同温压场条件下的水合物生成情况,进行水合物生成范围对比.结果表明:针阀出口后端气体速度随着管路入口压力和针阀直径的增大而增大,随管路出口压力的增大而减小,而气... 相似文献
160.
Variation of phytoplankton community before an induced cyanobacterial (Arthrospira platensis ) bloom
WANG Chong HUANG Yingying HE Shengbing LIN Yan WANG Xinze KONG Hainan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(12):1632-1638
A cyanobacterial (Arthrospira platensis) bloom was induced in situ by nutrient manipulation in an enclosure. The succession of the
phytoplankton community and the water chemistry variations before the appearance of bloom, as well as their relationship, were
investigated. The cell pigment variations were studied simultaneously. The Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was
no significant correlation between water chemistry and green algal or cyanobacterial composition, indicating that water chemistry
variations were not suitable to be used as indicators for cyanobacterial-bloom early-warning. However, the diversity index of the
phytoplankton community decreased sharply before the bloom appeared. Therefore, the dynamics of phytoplankton community was
put forward to be an indicator for cyanobacterial-bloom early-warning. In addition, the cell pigment variations represented the changes
of community structure, which should be useful for studying the dynamics of phytoplankton community. 相似文献