嘉山台地电阻率各类变化的判定与分析

本文以嘉山台地电阻率数字化改造后的观测资料为基础,在台址条件、资料质量、干扰因素等方面进行了较为系统的整理,总结了地电阻率观测中的非震现象、典型干扰的变化及影响观测精度的因素,对干扰机制也进行了必要的判断,同时对嘉山台地电阻率的映震效能进行了尝试性的分析,为同类型地电台有效地识别和排除干扰提供参考和借鉴。     

不同强度降雨径流对水源水库热分层和水质的影响

基于西安金盆水库2012～2019年汛期多场不同强度的降雨径流水质数据,对水温、浊度、总氮、总磷及含砂率等指标进行分析,全面探究不同强度降雨径流潜入过程及其对水源水库热分层与水质的影响.结果发现,不同强度降雨潜入库区位置不同,径流量较小时(洪峰流量<500m3/s),径流为等温度层潜流,从温跃层上部进入库区;中径流(洪...     

A monitoring-modeling approach to SO42 − and NO3− secondary conversion ratio estimation during haze periods in Beijing, China

SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- are important chemical components of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),especially during haze periods.This study selected two haze episodes in Beijing,China with similar meteorological conditions.A monitoring-modeling approach was developed to estimate the secondary conversion ratios of sulfur and nitrogen based on monitored and simulated concentrations.Measurements showed that in Episode 1(24th–25th October,2014),the concentrations(proportions)of SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- reached 35.1μg/m~3(14.9%) and 55.0μg/m~3(22.9%),while they reached 14.4μg/m~3(9.3%) and 59.1μg/m~3(38.1%)in Episode 2(26th–27th October,2017).A modeling system was applied to apportion Beijing's SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~- in primary and secondary SO_4~(2-)/NO_3~- emitted from local and regional sources.Thus,secondary conversion contributions considering the local and regional level were defined.The former primarily focused on Beijing atmospheric oxidation ability and the latter mainly considered the existence form of Beijing SO_4~(2-)/NO_3~- under the regional transport impacts.Finally,secondary oxidation ratios were estimated through combining secondary conversion contribution coefficients for simulated and monitored concentrations.At regional level,sulfur oxidation ratios in polluted(clean)days during two sampling periods were0.57–0.72(0.07–0.52)and 0.74–0.80(0.08–0.61),nitrogen oxidation ratios were 0.20–0.29(0.05–0.15)and 0.34–0.38(0.02–0.29),indicating that atmospheric oxidation was enhanced when considering regional transport through 2014–2017.At the local level,sulfur oxidation ratios were 0.66–0.71(0.04–0.48)in haze(clean)days,while nitrogen oxidation ratios were0.16–0.29(0.02–0.16).The atmospheric oxidation ability markedly increased in PM_(2.5)pollution days,but changed only slightly between the two periods.     

基于物联网技术的环保能力建设研究

环保能力建设是环境规划的重要组成部分。物联网作为信息技术的深度拓展应用,在国家和山西省的环境保护“十二五”规划中都提出要推进物联网技术在环保领域的应用,加强环保监管能力建设。本文研究分析了山西省环保监管能力建设现状与需求,围绕环保物联网的三层技术架构和三条业务主线构建了山西省环保物联网建设的总体框架,实现了三个方面的环境管理创新。环保物联网建设对于进一步推动我省环保能力建设向科学化、精细化和智能化转变,实现“十二五”乃至“十三五”环境规划战略目标具有重要意义。     

宜昌市水环境质量红线划分与空间管控研究

在宜昌市水环境质量红线划分中,对饮用水源保护区划分、水环境功能区划分和流域控制单元划分给予评估,分析在城市水环境质量红线划分上的可取之处,在自然社会综合系统框架下创造性的提出了适应宜昌城市环境总体规划中水环境质量红线划分的原则、技术方法和分级管控措施,提出的原则与适宜的管控措施为宜昌市水环境质量改善、环境公共服务实现与生态城市建设提供了支持,丰富并实践了生态保护红线体系.     

不同螯合剂处理下杨树对土壤中Cd的吸收和富集效应

通过盆栽试验,研究了分别投加1,3,9mmol/kg的EDTA、EGTA和柠檬酸(CA),新疆杨对干旱区污染土壤中Cd的吸收和富集特征.实验结果表明,投加螯合剂的处理土壤中水提态Cd的含量是对照的4.27~249.12倍,但杨树地上部的生物量和对照相比并未显著降低.投加螯合剂的处理显著提高了杨树叶部Cd的含量和积累量,其值分别是对照的1.05~2.90和1.42~2.77倍.综合来看,螯合剂的投加有效活化了土壤中的Cd和促进了Cd从杨树根部向其地上部的转移,3种螯合剂的作用效果表现为EGTA>EDTA>CA的顺序.     

海岛土地与土地系统生态设计刍议

本文依据生态学理论对海岛土地及土地系统生态功能进行了重新的认识,并探讨了海岛土地系统生态设计的依据、原则和模式.设计中强调以土地系统生态保护性功能为主体,以海岛土地系统高层次调合发展作为海岛建设的最终目标.     

磷资源采矿工程对生态环境的影响及对策

处理好磷资源开采利用与生态环境保护的关系是一项关系到可持续发展的重大课题。文章以王集磷矿一、二期工程对生态环境影响为实例，研究了保护矿山生态环境的对策，进行了矿山开发事故灾害等风险分析及采矿工程环境经济损益分析，为矿区环境管理及同类型研究提供了理论和实际应用依据。