环氟菌胺的水解动力学研究

为明确环氟菌胺的水解动力学规律,采用室内模拟试验方法,探究了温度、p H值、表面活性剂和不同种类水体对环氟菌胺水解的影响。结果表明:随着温度的升高,环氟菌胺的水解速率加快;环氟菌胺在碱性条件下降解最快;十二烷基磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfonate,SDS)抑制环氟菌胺的水解;腐植酸的浓度低于1 mg·L-1时促进环氟菌胺的水解,浓度高于1 mg·L-1时抑制环氟菌胺的水解;环氟菌胺在不同水体中的水解速率顺序为:海水>江水>河水,环氟菌胺在自然条件下的降解速率显著高于室内模拟条件。     

Light absorption by water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric fine particles in the central Tibetan Plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Brown carbon (BrC) has recently received much attention because of its light absorption features. The chemical compositions, optical properties, and...     

基于GIS和贡献权重迭加方法的区域滑坡灾害易损性评价

区域滑坡易损性是指特定区域对滑坡灾害的破坏和损害的敏感性.根据易损性指标的科学性、可操作性以及可定量化等基本选取依据和研究区的区域特点,选择了人口密度、道路密度、建筑密度、林地密度、耕地密度、滑坡灾害密度6个指标.探讨了贡献率方法评价区域滑坡易损性的建模过程和数学表达.区域滑坡易损性定量表达为各指标的自权重与互权重以及指标的归一化值的乘积.以四川米易县为研究实例,对此评价方法进行了应用,在GIS系统中运用自然断点法进行了易损度区划和区划制图,结果显示,高易损度区、中易损度区、低易损度区分别占研究区域的7.13%、21.19%、71.68%,易损性分布基本上与人口密度、建筑密度和道路密度分布相一致,反应了基于贡献率的区域滑坡灾害易损性区划的合理性.     

全球近期灾害录（2009．10．11—12．10）

菲律宾遭热带风暴袭击 2009年10月11日,受热带风暴“凯萨娜”和“芭玛”袭击,菲律宾多个省份发生太面积洪灾和山体滑坡,两周来已造成超过600人死亡。     

全球近期灾害录(2009.8.11—10.10)

台湾一直升机执行灾区救援任务坠毁 2009年8月11日,台湾一架救援直升机在从屏东三地门出发前往雾台进行救灾任务时,不幸坠毁在屏东山区,已证实机上3名人员全部罹难. 巴布亚新几内亚一架包机失事 8月11日上午,一架载有13人的包机从巴新首都莫尔斯比港起飞,在前往巴新境内著名探险景点科科达山道的途中失踪,机上所有人员全部罹难.     

Modeling the atmospheric transport and deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in North America

The atmospheric fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) was simulated for the year 2000 in North America using a SMOKE/CMAQ-based chemical transport model that was modified for this purpose. The 1999 USEPA emission inventories of PCDD/Fs and criteria pollutants were used. The 1995 Canadian emission inventory of criteria pollutants and the 1995 Canadian area source emissions for PCDD/Fs were used with the 2000 Canadian point source emissions. Modifications to CMAQ involved coupling it with dual organic matter (OM) absorption and black carbon (BC) adsorption models to calculate PCDD/F gas–particle partitioning. The model satisfactorily reproduced the particle bound fractions at all rural sites for which there were measured data and across the whole domain, the modeled vs. measured differences in particle bound fractions were less than 20% for nearly all congeners. The model predicted ambient air PCDD/F concentrations were also consistent with measurements. Simulated deposition fluxes were within 58% of direct measurements. PCDD/F atmospheric depositions to each of the Great Lakes were estimated for the year 2000. The results indicate that approximately 76% of the total deposition of PCDD/Fs to the Great Lakes (in W-TEQ, or toxic equivalent units as defined by the World Health Organization) is attributed to PCDD/Fs absorbed into OM in aerosol. For all of the lakes, more than 92% of all deposition is particle phase wet deposition and only 5–8% is particle phase dry deposition. Wet deposition from the gas phase is negligible. Of the 17 toxic PCDD/F congeners, the Cl_4–5DD/F compounds contribute approximately 70% to the total atmospheric deposition to the Great Lakes. The seasonal changes in the PCDD/F deposition flux track variations in ambient temperature.     

合成聚硅酸硼镁硫酸铁的正交实验研究

研究了用硅酸钠、硼砂、硫酸镁和硫酸铁为原料,制备聚硅酸硼镁硫酸铁（PSBMFS）混凝剂的方法及合成条件。通过正交实验,考查了硅酸活化pH值、缩聚反应时间和陈化时间等合成条件;同时考察了B/Si摩尔比、Mg/Si摩尔比和Fe/Si摩尔比等影响因素。结果表明：PSBMFS具有良好的混凝性能和脱色效果,能有效去除印染废水中的色度和COD,2种污染因子的去除率分别可达95.9%和67.9%。     

摇动床缺氧-好氧工艺处理渔业加工废水试验研究

试验采用摇动床缺氧-好氧工艺处理渔业加工废水,研究结果表明,摇动床缺氧-好氧工艺对污染物去除效果良好,在BOD₅容积负荷为1.5 kg/(m³·d),HRT=5.9～4.7 h,硝化液回流比为1.0的条件下,系统进水中COD、TN和NH⁺₄-N的平均值分别为543.1、72.1和63.6 mg/L时,去除率分别达到93.6%、72.7%和98.9%,出水平均浓度值分别为34.1、19.5和0.7 mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002) 一级标准。试验期间MLSS最高可达到17 425 mg/L,同时保持SVI在50～70 mL/g的低范围内,污泥沉降性能良好。通过显微镜观察,反应器中生物种类多样,从而保证了摇动床系统极低的污泥产率(MLSS/CODremoval为0.1891),实现了污泥减量。     

高尔夫球场土壤和水中毒死蜱农药残留的测定

介绍了土壤和水样中毒死蜱农药残留的测定方法 ,并应用该方法调查了某地高尔夫球场使用毒死蜱农药后对周围土壤和地表水的污染影响。测定结果表明 ,在调查区范围内 ,地表水中毒死蜱农药的浓度小于 0 .4μg/L。参照国外有关标准 ,它低于美国健康与福利部 (MHW)制定的高尔夫球场饮用水中允许的残留值 (毒死蜱 :4μg/L )。     

嗅觉标准液的人群测试

嗅觉标准液是可使人的嗅觉阈值测试标准化,科学化,数量化,应用嗅觉标准液对人群的嗅觉阈值测试,可以了解我国人群嗅觉状及特点,以便应用标准液筛选嗅觉试验员和鼻科临床无创伤检验等方面。