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71.
Liang Peng Yanqing Ren Jidong Gu Pufeng Qin Qingru Zeng Jihai Shao Ming Lei Liyuan Chai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7631-7640
Novel magnetic carbonaceous bio-char was hydrothermal prepared from microalgae under different loadings of iron and its structures and surface chemistry were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET). The morphology of bio-char changed from sheet to particle as iron loading increased and its surface area also increased. When 3.0 g of dried microalgae and 6.0 mmol iron salt ((NH4)2SO4·FeSO4·6H2O) were mixed and treated, the obtained bio-char possessing the highest amount of oxygen-containing functional groups resulted in the best adsorption performance on tetracycline (TC). This adsorption process was fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was 95.86 mg/g, which is higher than other bio-char reported. The iron loading contributed to the higher adsorption capacity of bio-char, which may be due to three factors, the high surface area, more hydrogen bonding, and bridging effects of the structural Fe for TC. Our data suggest that bio-char may have more important role in stabilization of pollutants in the environment. 相似文献
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Tree barks were used as biomonitors to evaluate past atmospheric pollution within and around the industrial zones of Strasbourg (France) and Kehl (Germany) in the Rhine Valley. The here estimated residence time for trace metals, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in tree bark is >10 years. Thus, all pollution observed by tree bark biomonitoring can be older than 10 years. The PCB baseline concentration (sum of seven PCB indicators (Σ7PCBind)) determined on tree barks from a remote area in the Vosges mountains is 4 ng g−1 and corresponds to 0.36 × 10−3 ng toxic equivalent (TEQ) g−1 for the dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs). The northern Rhine harbor suffered especially from steel plant, waste incinerator and thermal power plant emissions. The polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) concentrations analyzed in tree barks from this industrial area range between 392 and 1420 ng kg−1 dry-weight (dw) corresponding to 3.9 ng TEQPCDD/Fs kg−1 to 17.8 ng TEQPCDD/Fs kg−1, respectively. Highest PCDD/F values of 7.2 ng TEQ kg−1 to 17.8 ng TEQ kg−1 have been observed close to and at a distance of <2 km southwest of the chemical waste incinerator. However, very close to this incinerator lowest TEQ dioxin-like PCB (TEQDL-PCB) values of 0.006 ng TEQ g−1 have been found. On the other hand close to and southwest and northeast of the steel plant the values are comparatively higher and range between 0.011 ng TEQ g−1 and 0.026 ng TEQ g−1. However, even stronger Σ7PCBind enrichments have been observed at a few places in the city center of Kehl, where ΣDL-PCB values of up to 0.11 ng TEQ g−1 have been detected. These enrichments, however, are the result of ancient pollutions since recent long-term measurements at the same sites indicate that the atmospheric PCB concentrations are close to baseline. Emissions from an old landfill of waste and/or great fires might have been the reasons of these PCB enrichments. Other urban environments of the cities of Kehl and Strasbourg show significantly lower Σ7PCBind concentrations. They suffer especially from road and river traffic and have typically Σ7PCBind concentrations ranging from 11 ng g−1 to 29 ng g−1. The PCB concentration of 29 ng g−1 has been found in tree bark close to the railway station of Strasbourg. Nevertheless, the corresponding TEQDL-PCB are low and range between 0.2 × 10−3 ng TEQ g−1 and 7 × 10−3 ng TEQ g−1. Samples collected near road traffic are enriched in Fe, Sb, Sn and Pb. Cd enrichments were found close to almost all types of industries. Rural environments not far from industrial sites suffered from organic and inorganic pollution. In this case, TEQDL-PCB values may reach up to 58 × 10−3 ng TEQ g−1 and the corresponding V, Cr, Co, Ni, and Cd concentrations are comparatively high. 相似文献
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Zhang F Gu W Xu P Tang S Xie K Huang X Huang Q 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(6):1333-1338
Composting is the biological degradation and transformation of organic materials under controlled conditions to promote aerobic decomposition. To find effective ways to accelerate composting and improve compost quality, numerous methods including additive addition, inoculation of microorganisms, and the use of biosurfactants have been explored. Studies have shown that biosurfactant addition provides more favorable conditions for microorganism growth, thereby accelerating the composting process. However, biosurfactants have limited applications because they are expensive and their use in composting and microbial fertilizers is prohibited. Meanwhile, alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is considered a “green” surfactant. This study aims to determine whether APG addition into a compost reaction vessel during 28-day composting can enhance the organic matter degradation and composting process of dairy manure. Samples were periodically taken from different reactor depths at 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. pH levels, electrical conductivity (EC), ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, seed germination indices, and microbial population were determined. Organic matter and total nitrogen were also measured.Compared with the untreated control, the sample with APG exhibited slightly increased microbial populations, such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. APG addition increased temperatures without substantially affecting compost pH and EC throughout the process. After 28 days, APG addition increased nitrate nitrogen concentrations, promoted matter degradation, and increased seed germination indices. The results of this study suggest that the addition of APG provides more favorable conditions for microorganism growth, slightly enhancing organic matter decomposition and accelerating the composting process, improving the compost quality to a certain extent. 相似文献
78.
Li Shifeng Guo Yang Xiao Min Zhang Tan Yao Shuhua Zang Shuyan Fan Hongtao Shen Yanming Zhang Zhigang Li Wenxiu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(12):12014-12024
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, Mn-doped MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were successfully synthesized for efficient removal arsenate from aqueous solution. The... 相似文献
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采用浸渍法制备了四氨基酞菁钯(PdTAPc)/γ-Al_2O_3负载型光催化剂,采用UV-Vis,FTIR,XRD,SEM技术对其进行了表征,并将其用于罗丹明B的可见光催化降解,考察了光催化剂加入量、溶液pH、H_2O_2加入量、反应温度对罗丹明B降解效果的影响,并对光催化剂的稳定性进行了测试。表征结果显示,PdTAPc以圆片状负载于γ-Al_2O_3上,二者的结构均未发生明显变化。实验结果表明:在光催化剂加入量1.6 g/L、溶液pH 7.0、H_2O_2加入量12 mmol/L、反应温度20℃的优化条件下反应120 min,罗丹明B(质量浓度0.05 g/L)的降解率高达95%;光催化剂具有较高的稳定性,使用4次后罗丹明B的降解率仍高于85%。 相似文献