高纯二氧化锆生产过程中污染的防治

对高纯二氧化锆的生产工艺进行了改革,采用了新型反应器及胶凝除硅,直接酸溶重结晶,直接煅烧等技术,降低了原材料消耗及能耗,减少了废液排放量,并将回收的废物加工成副产品白炭黑,实现了在生产过程中防治污染。     

中国自然保护区立法

<正>人类最早的自然保护区是美国于1872年建立的世界上第一个国家公园——黄石公园。从那时起,世界各地的人们开始意识到对自然环境和自然资源给予特殊保护的重要性,纷纷建立各种各样的保护区或者保护地。因此,自然保护区在世界各地开始迅速发展起来。     

高效液相色谱法检测土壤中的壬基酚

建立一种土壤中壬基酚的提取和含量测定方法。土壤样品经二氯甲烷索氏提取、旋转蒸发仪浓缩蒸干后,用色谱流动相溶解。以色谱甲醇与高纯水（体积比为85：15）为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离,在检测波长277nm进行紫外光检测。土壤样品中4-壬基酚的捡出限为20ng／g,4-壬基酚混合标准检测相对标准偏差范围在2．39％-4．56％之间。加入标准溶液后,土壤中壬基酚的加标回收率为98．73％～101．78％,标准偏差小于2．97％。该方法简便快速,灵敏可靠,适用于土壤样品中环境类激素4-壬基酚的含量检测。     

磁强化Fenton试剂降解表面活性剂污水的实验研究

研究不同磁化时间、不同磁场强度以及催化氧化体系中各种影响因素对表面活性剂污水CODcr的去除率的影响。结果表明:在pH值3,H2O2加入量为0.5%(体积比),FeSO4.7H2O浓度为3 000 mg/L,反应10min,去除率达69.8%。在相同实验条件下,外加磁场强度分别为235.6 mT、357.3 mT、427.8 mT,CODcr的去除率可提高3.5%、8.4%、10.5%。     

苏南典型城区河网地区沉积物重金属调查研究

本研究对太湖上游集水区重要城市常州城区河网的12条主要河流开展了城市主要河道沉积物中的重金属分布状况及特征调查,采用Hakanson生态风险指数法对沉积物中的主要重金属对所在水域的污染程度及对水域和周围环境造成的潜在风险影响进行了评价。结果显示,常州河道沉积物已受到严重污染,不同类型河道的沉积物污染程度趋势为:城区>郊区>城市外围河道,其中以Hg的污染最重。     

东临复线增输后的安全低耗输油

分析了输油管线增输后的新特点,采取了实现安全低耗输油的对策：增设水击超前保护系统、合理安排管线启停顺序。     

Development and application of a water pollution emergency response system for the Three Gorges Reservoir in the Yangtze River, China

There are many watercraft and production accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) of the Yangtze River in China every year. Accidents threaten the water quality of the 1085 km2 surface area of the TGRA and millions of local people if oil and chemical leakage were to occur. A water pollution management system for emergency response (WPMS ER) was therefore designed for the management of pollution in this area. An integrated geographic information system (GIS)-based water pollution management information system for the TGRA, called WPMS ER TGRA, was developed in this study. ArcGIS engine was used as the system development platform, and Visual Basic as the programming language. The models for hydraulic and water quality simulation and the generation of body-fitted coordinates were developed and programmed as a dynamically linked library file using Visual Basic, and they can be launched by other computer programs. Subsequently, the GIS-based information system was applied to the emergency water pollution management of a shipwreck releasing 10 tons of phenol into the Yangtze River during two hours. The results showed that WPMS ER TGRA can assist with emergency water pollution management and simulate the transfer and di usion of accidental pollutants in the river. Furthermore, it can quickly identify the a ected area and how it will change over time within a few minutes of an accident occurring.     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究(XV)

第五十六类无机碱 活性特点: 无机碱一般为金属氢氧化物.常见的无机碱包括碱金属氢氧化物、碱土金属氢氧化物等.其中最常用的为碱金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等.     

灾害性天气影响下的交通气象服务进展研究

详细研究了各种灾害性天气气候如何对高速公路的运输及安全造成影响,以及由这些恶劣天气引起的交通事故造成的人员伤亡和财产经济损失。研究了国内外的交通气象服务现状,通过分析比较的方法找到了我国交通气象服务存在的一些不足。对如何更好发展交通气象服务提出了对策和建议,以期达到降低交通安全事故,提高高速公路的运输效率,减少财产经济损失和减少人员伤亡的目的,为我国的国民经济和社会发展做出贡献。     

Numerical study of the effects of Planetary Boundary Layer structure on the pollutant dispersion within built-up areas

The effects of different Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) structures on pollutant dispersion processes within two idealized street canyon configurations and a realistic urban area were numerically examined by a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The boundary conditions of different PBL structures/conditions were provided by simulations of the Weather Researching and Forecasting model. The simulated results of the idealized 2D and 3D street canyon experiments showed that the increment of PBL instability favored the downward transport of momentum from the upper flow above the roof to the pedestrian level within the street canyon. As a result, the flow and turbulent fields within the street canyon under the more unstable PBL condition are stronger. Therefore, more pollutants within the street canyon would be removed by the stronger advection and turbulent diffusion processes under the unstable PBL condition. On the contrary, more pollutants would be concentrated in the street canyon under the stable PBL condition. In addition, the simulations of the realistic building cluster experiments showed that the density of buildings was a crucial factor determining the dynamic effects of the PBL structure on the flow patterns. The momentum field within a denser building configuration was mostly transported from the upper flow, and was more sensitive to the PBL structures than that of the sparser building configuration. Finally, it was recommended to use the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino (MYNN) PBL scheme, which can explicitly output the needed turbulent variables, to provide the boundary conditions to the CFD simulation.