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101.
Organochlorine pesticides are ubiquitous and persistent organic pollutants used widely throughout the world. Due to the extensive use in agriculture, organic environmental contaminants such as HCH, DDT along with other organochlorine pesticides are distributed globally by transport through air and water. The main aim of present study is to determine contamination levels of organochlorine pesticides in the ground water of Hyderabad City. Water samples were collected from 28 domestic well supplies of the city. For this study, random sampling technique was applied, all the samples were collected in high purity glass bottles and refrigerated at 4 degrees C until analysis. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) is used for the extraction of organochlorine pesticide residues in water sample. The collected water samples were pre-filtered through a 0.45 microg glass fiber filter (Wattman GF/F) to remove particulate matter and were acidified with hydrochloric acid (6N) to pH 2.5. Methanol modifier (BDH, for pesticide residue analysis, 10 mL) was added to water sample for better extraction. SPE using pre-packed reversed phase octadecyl (C-18 bonded silica) contained in cartridges was used for sample preparation. Prior to the extraction, the C-18 bonded phase, which contains 500 mg of bonded phase, was washed with 20 mL methanol. The sample was mixed well and allowed to percolate through the cartridges with flow rate of 10-15 mL/min under vacuum. After sample extraction, suction continued for 15 min to dry the packing material and pesticides trapped in the C-18 bonded phases were eluted by passing 10 mL hexane and fraction was evaporated in a gentle steam of Nitrogen. In all samples pesticide residues were analyzed by GC (Chemito-8510) with Ni63 ECD detector. Helium was used as carrier gas and nitrogen was used as make up gas. The injection technique was split/split less. All the samples analyzed were found to be contaminated with four pesticides i.e. DDT, beta-Endosulfan, alpha-Endosulfan and Lindane. DDT was found to range between 0.15 and 0.19 microg L(-1), beta-Endosulfan ranges between 0.21 and 0.87 microg L(-1), alpha-Endosulfan ranges between 1.34 and 2.14 microg L(-1) and Lindane ranges between 0.68 and 1.38 microg L(-1) respectively. These concentrations of pesticides in the water samples were found to be above their respective Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) values for Humans. 相似文献
102.
Markandeya Verma Pradeep Kumar Mishra Vibhuti Singh Neeraj Kumar Shukla Sheo Prasad Mohan Devendra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10536-10551
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present work aims to investigate seasonal variations in air pollution levels in Lucknow and assess the ambient air quality of the city together... 相似文献
103.
Bhutani Ritambhara Shukla ShivKant Shukla Susmita 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(4):3913-3919
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this paper, we are focusing on study of the impact of sterilization on culture establishment of indigenous Musa variety to restore plant diversity... 相似文献
104.
Kushwaha Chandra Shekhar Shukla Sudheesh K. Govender Penny P. Abbas N. S. Shukla Saroj Kr. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(11):3744-3755
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The present research demonstrates the design and development of a dual-compartment water purification proto-plant for microbial degradation of organic... 相似文献
105.
Sodium fluoride, used as a pesticide in agriculture, is also an ingredient of toothpastes which help to fight dental problems. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster, a non-target organism, is used to explore morphological changes in the adult compound eye as a function of exposure to fluoride at 20, 40, 80, 100 and 150 mg L?1, using scanning electron microscopy. The experimental concentrations were much lower than the ones used in the studies of the British Association of Community Dentistry. Distinct morphological alterations in the eye of the treated insects revealed ommatidial ridges and disoriented mechanosensory bristles which were most prominent in the 40 and 80 mg L?1 treatment groups. Since humans and Drosophila share homology in many genes that are involved in developmental pathways, the present findings raise concern on the use of sodium fluoride as a pesticide. 相似文献
106.
This paper shows that gas/particulate phase partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be monitored using lichens. Anthropogenic sources are responsible for the release of PAHs, which are bioaccumulated in plants at various spatial scales based on their physicochemical properties. Atmospheric PAHs are distributed both in the gaseous and particulate states. Here, a lichen species, Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke, has been collected at different altitudes in and around the Rudraprayag valley, located in Central Himalayan region of India, in order to study the spatial distribution of PAHs in the valley. Results show that PAH concentration ranged from 0.136 to 4.96 μg g?1. Findings reveal that the bioaccumulation of 2- and 3-ringed PAHs was higher in high-altitude samples, whereas bioaccumulation of fluoranthene, a 4-ringed PAH, showed higher concentration in samples from localities away from town centre. 5- and 6-ring PAHs were then confined to the lower altitude at the base of the valley, thus justifying their particulate-bound nature. This is the first report showing the utility of lichen to biomonitor PAHs in the Himalayan ecosystem. 相似文献
107.
Lichens to distinguish urban from industrial PAHs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vertika Shukla D. K. Patel D. K. Upreti M. Yunus 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(2):159-164
This paper shows that lichens can be used as biomonitors to distinguish urban from industrial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs). PAHs are atmospheric pollutants originating mainly from incomplete combustion of fuels in vehicles and industry. The
occurrence of PAHs in air is a serious health issue in urban areas and industrial areas because some PAHs are carcinogenic.
Biomonitoring PAHs with lichens is generally applied for quantification of PAHs. However, the precise sources of PAHs are
not well known. Here we use lichen to trace the source of PAHs. PAHs were analyzed in Pyxine subcinerea Stirton, a lichen species collected from twelve sites which vary from urban and industrial to periurban forest area of Haridwar,
in the foothills of the Indian Himalayas. Total PAH concentration ranged between 1.25 and 187.3 μg g−1. Results indicate a clear distinction between urban and industrial PAHs profile, using principal component analysis. Lichen
sampled from industrial sites exhibited higher concentrations of two-, five-, and six-ringed PAHs, up to 60% of total PAHs,
while samples from urban sites were dominated by four-ringed PAHs, predominantly fluoranthene and acenaphthylene. Molecular
ratios indicate that combustion was the dominant source of origin of PAHs in industrial area, while urban sites showed mixed
origin of PAHs, both pyro- and petrogenic. 相似文献
108.
Jaidev K. Biswal Manoranjan Mohanty Smita Nayak Sanjay K. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(6):1763-1776
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The major roadblock for recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) depends on the viability of sorting process, which is a complex... 相似文献
109.
Shukla J Pandey V Singh SN Yunus M Singh N Ahmad KJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1990,66(1):81-88
Plants of Brassica campestris L. var. G-S20 were treated with cement dust, at rates of 3 (B(1)), 5 (B(2)) and 7 (B(3)) gm(-2) day(-1) for 90 days. Treated plants showed a consistent reduction in growth, photosynthetic pigments, yield and oil content over control plants. The overall phytomass of treated plants was significantly decreased, the maximum reduction being 64.8% in B(3) plants, followed by B(2) plants (55.3%) and B(1) plants (43.69%) at 60 days. The effect on oil content was also greatest in B(3) plants, where it was decreased by 6.13%. 相似文献
110.
Saunak Shukla Reza Daneshazarian Aggrey Mwesigye Wey H. Leong 《International Journal of Green Energy》2020,17(2):137-148
ABSTRACTRadiant floor systems have the potential to reduce energy consumption and the carbon footprint of buildings. This study analyzed a novel radiant panel configuration comprising a metal plate with small spikes that can be pressed into cement board or wood. The behavior of this configuration was simulated for different materials for the metal plate, spike dimensions, and varying spacing between spikes. An annual energy simulation model compared the radiant panel configuration with the traditional concrete-based system. Simulations were run under heating dominant, cooling dominant, and neutral conditions; significant cost savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction were seen across all scenarios. 相似文献