Role of surface functionality in the adsorption of anionic dyes on modified polymeric sorbents

While synthetic polymeric sorbents effectively treat dye wastewaters by adsorption, the underlying mechanisms remain to be understood. This work determined the adsorption of an anionic dye by three polymers differing significantly in surface functionality. Surface functional groups of polymers were indicated in FTIR spectra and quantified by the Boehm titration. In reference to the commercial sorbent XAD-4 with a low degree of functionality, the laboratory synthesized NG-8 had primarily acidic functional groups, whereas its aminated product MN-8 had mainly basic amino groups. Electrophoresis determined the points of zero charge of 4.18, 3.23, and 4.51 for XAD-4, NG-8, and MN-8, respectively. The adsorption of Reactive Black 5 dye (RB5) by all the sorbents on a unit surface area basis increased with decreasing pH. At the same low pH (4.40), the adsorption by NG-8 was similar to that by XAD-4, indicating little influence of protonated (neutral) surface functional groups. In contrast, the adsorption by NG-8 at pH 6.05 was 75% lower than that by XAD-4, resulting apparently from the strong electrostatic repulsion between RB5 and deprotonated (negative) groups. Amination substantially enhanced RB5 adsorption by eliminating acidic groups and creating a positive charge on the surface of MN-8. The adsorptive enhancement was also achieved in the presence of CaCl2, due presumably to the neutralization of negative surface charge by Ca2+ and the RB5-Ca2+ pairing. These results manifest the important role of surface functionality in the adsorption of dyes by synthetic polymers.     

二氯异氰脲酸钠和三氯异氰脲酸对棕囊藻细胞去除的研究

研究了二氯异氰脲酸钠和三氯异氰脲酸对球形棕囊藻的灭杀和控制作用,及其投药时间对除藻效果的影响,并比较2种药剂的除藻效果,初步探讨了除藻机理.结果表明,这2种除藻剂可以缓释次氯酸,提高其稳定性,有较长的药效期.当有效氯浓度达到4.5mg/L时,2种药剂均能有效地控制和灭杀球形棕囊藻,具有高效、低毒的优点.有效氯浓度为5.0mg/L,藻细胞去除率在24h可达到90%以上.在等于和大于5.0mg/L有效氯浓度时,三氯异氰脲酸的除藻效果优于二氯异氰脲酸钠,通过对2种药剂除藻率的t检验进一步证实了这一结论.     

Adsorption characteristics of benzene on biosolid adsorbent and commercial activated carbons

This study selected biosolids from a petrochemical waste-water treatment plant as the raw material. The sludge was immersed in 0.5-5 M of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) solutions and pyrolyzed at different temperatures and times. Results indicated that the 1-M ZnCl2-immersed biosolids pyrolyzed at 500 degrees C for 30 min could be reused and were optimal biosolid adsorbents for benzene adsorption. Pore volume distribution analysis indicated that the mesopore contributed more than the macropore and micropore in the biosolid adsorbent. The benzene adsorption capacity of the biosolid adsorbent was 65 and 55% of the G206 (granular-activated carbon) and BPL (coal-based activated carbon; Calgon, Carbon Corp.) activated carbons, respectively. Data from the adsorption and desorption cycles indicated that the benzene adsorption capacity of the biosolid adsorbent was insignificantly reduced compared with the first-run capacity of the adsorbent; therefore, the biosolid adsorbent could be reused as a commercial adsorbent, although its production cost is high.     

《中国地震年鉴》20年

自1982年以来,《中国地震年鉴》已连续出版22卷,全面记载了我国防震减灾事业从建国到21世纪初的发展进程,真实反映了地球物理、地震地质、地震预报等研究领域的成果和经验,它以地震系统年度重要资料的真实性、准确性和权威性,为管理部门、管理人员提供了可靠的参考和决策依据,为科研人员、专家学者提供信息和数据,为续修地震志书积累资料。同时,也成为社会各界和国内外有关研究机构了解中国地震工作的重要窗口。     

浅析建立排污权有偿交易制度

随着工业化、城市化的快速推进,环境容量资源有限和社会经济持续较快发展的矛盾将长期存在。在充分运用必要的行政和法律手段的同时,应注重运用经济手段———排污权有偿使用和交易进行环境保护,使外部环境内部化,树立"容量有限、资源有价、使用有偿"的环境资源价值理念,推动企业自主创新和技术进步,降低企业内部治理成本,调动污染减排积极性,促进环境管理方式从粗放型向精细化转变,全面提升环境管理水平。     

液化侧扩流场地桩基动力反应振动台试验数值模拟

针对已完成的振动台试验,采用OpenSees数值模拟计算平台,建立液化侧扩流场地群桩振动台试验数值模型。该模型中,采用线弹性梁柱单元模拟桩和挡墙,采用刚性连接单元和零长度单元模拟桩-土界面。自由水体通过施加节点孔压和节点力模拟。引入多屈服面塑性本构模拟饱和砂层,采用两相完全耦合的u—p形式模拟土体位移和孔压。通过对比振动台试验结果表明,建立的有限元数值模型能够可靠地再现砂层和桩基的动力响应,进而验证数值模型的可靠性。同时,针对两个代表性时刻,分析了桩-土体系的侧向变形响应。所采用的分析方法和相关结论也为同类桩-土体系数值模拟提供一般性分析方法和思路。     

Bioleaching of spent Ni-Cd batteries and phylogenetic analysis of an acidophilic strain in acidified sludge

Biohydrometallurgy is a novel method to recycle discarded batteries, in which sewage sludge is used as microorganisms and culture due to the presence of indigenous Thiobacilli. A two-step continuous flow leaching system consisting of an acidifying reactor and a leaching reactor was introduced to achieve the bioleaching of spent nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. The acid supernatant produced in the acidifying reactor by the microorganisms with ferrous ions as the substrate was conducted into the leaching reactor to dissolve electrode materials. The efficiency of a batch treatment of batteries was examined. The results showed that the complete dissolution of two AA-sized Ni-Cd batteries with 0.6 L/d acid supernatant took about 30, 20, and 35 days for Ni, Cd, and Co, respectively. But the dissolution ability of the three metals was different. Cd and Co can be leached mostly for pH below 4.0 while the complete dissolution of Ni can be achieved for pH below 2.5. Meanwhile, a strain (named Thiooxidans. WL) accounting for the reduction of pH in the acidified sludge was isolated and sequenced. It was identified to be 100% similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain Tf-49 based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The relevant phylogenetic tree constructed indicates that the strain should be classified into genus Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.     

腐殖质对二氧化锰引起的五氯酚转化反应的影响

研究了在二氧化锰催化引起的五氯酚的转化反应中,腐殖质前身化合物的加入对五氯酚去除率的影响,并以p-coumaricacid为代表研究了体系pH值、反应时间、二氧化锰的质量浓度以及腐殖质前生物的浓度和分子结构对去除率的影响。结果表明,反应的最佳pH值范围是4～4.70,去除率在80%左右。五氯酚在24h内去除速率较快,去除率达到75%左右;反应到168h,去除速率趋于0,去除率达到80%左右。相同条件下,无p-coumaricacid的对照体系中,对应的反应时间内去除率仅分别为20%和25%左右。五氯酚的去除率还随二氧化锰质量浓度和p-coumaricacid浓度的增加而增大。当二氧化锰的质量浓度由0增加到100g·L-1时,去除率由0增大为95%;而当p-coumaricacid的浓度由0增加到1mmol·L-1时,去除率由25%增大到100%左右。此外,不同腐殖质前身物的分子结构和浓度对去除率分别起到了提高、不明显改变和降低的作用。     

大学生诚信状况的分析及思考

诚信是公民道德建设最基本的规范之一．当然，更应当是青年学生思想道德建设的重点．当前，大学生诚信状况的主要问题是诚信道德的认知和行为存在着明显的差异，针对这种状况，采取相应措施，加强大学生诚信道德能力培养，注重诚信制度，优化诚信环境，实施对大学生诚信道德教育是当前高校的教育重点．