污泥不同处理的复混基质在矸石山复垦中的应用研究

将三种不同处理的污泥(脱水污泥、腐熟污泥和冻融污泥)分别与煤矸石、粉煤灰和土壤配制成不同复混基质用于矸石山复垦,进行了基质理化性质的分析以及沙生冰草[Agropyron desertorum(Fisch.)Schult.]和无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss.)两种禾本科植物的种植试验。结果表明:无土复混基质B2(腐熟污泥:煤矸石:粉煤灰配比分别为30:60:10:0)的理化性质优于其余基质,更有利于植株生长,又能节约成本。     

Constituents of volatile organic compounds of evaporating essential oil

Essential oils containing aromatic compounds can affect air quality when used indoors. Five typical and popular essential oils—rose, lemon, rosemary, tea tree and lavender—were investigated in terms of composition, thermal characteristics, volatile organic compound (VOC) constituents, and emission factors. The activation energy was 6.3–8.6 kcal mol^?1, the reaction order was in the range of 0.6–0.8, and the frequency factor was 0.01–0.24 min^?1. Toluene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, n-undecane, p-diethylbenzene and m-diethylbenzene were the predominant VOCs of evaporating gas of essential oils at 40 °C. In addition, n-undecane, p-diethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, m-diethylbenzene, and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene revealed high emission factors during the thermogravimetric (TG) analysis procedures. The sequence of the emission factors of 52 VOCs (137–173 mg g^?1) was rose ≈ rosemary > tea tree ≈ lemon ≈ lavender. The VOC group fraction of the emission factor of aromatics was 62–78%, paraffins were 21–37% and olefins were less than 1.5% during the TG process. Some unhealthy VOCs such as benzene and toluene were measured at low temperature; they reveal the potential effect on indoor air quality and human health.     

Microbial dechlorination of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol in anaerobic sewage sludge

Abstract

The dechlorination of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP) in municipal sewage sludge with a chlorophenol (CP)‐adapted consortium was investigated. Results show that dechlorination rates differed according to the source of the sludge samples used in the batch experiments. No significant differences in 2,4,6‐TCP dechlorination were observed following treatment with inoculum at densities ranging from 10% to 50% (V/V), but a significant delay was noted at 5% (V/V) density. Overall, results show that the higher the 2,4,6‐TCP concentration, the slower the dechlorination rate. The addition of acetate, lactate, pyruvate, vitamin B₁₂ or manganese dioxide did not results in a significant change in 2,4,6‐TCP dechlorination. Data collected from a bioreactor experiment revealed that pH 7.0 and a total solid concentration of 10 g/L were optimal for dechlorination. Dechlorination rates decreased significantly at higher agitation speeds. 2,4,6‐TCP dechlorination was enhanced under methanogenic conditions, but it was inhibited under denitrifying and sulfate‐reducing conditions.     

The extract of aquatic macrophyte Carex cinerascens induced colony formation in bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Colony formation in Microcystis aeruginosa played important roles in blooms formation. To study the effects of plant allelopathy on colony formation...     

中国北方地区50年来最高和最低气温变化及其影响

最高和最低温度的变化对农业和环境的影响比平均温度更加重要。自20世纪50年代以来,中国北方最高和最低温度变化的特点是:最低温度升温速率大于最高温度的升温速率;冬季升温速率大于夏季;偏北(纬度较高)地区的升温速率大于偏南(纬度较低)地区。黄淮海和西北区,夏季最高气温呈下降趋势。对最高和最低温度变化作突变性检验,年平均最高气温变化的突变点发生于1992年,年平均最低温度变化的突变点发生于1981年。最低温度明显升高的年份远远早于最高气温,这说明最低气温的变化比最高气温变化敏感,中国北方气候变暖主要来自于最低温度升高的贡献。自20世纪80年代气候变暖以来,中国北方喜温作物种植面积扩大,作物种植北界向北推移。     

电工电子产品燃烧产物的腐蚀损坏效应

电工电子产品陷入火灾后所产生的腐蚀性燃烧产物,可能会对电路和电工电子元器件的性能造成不同程度的损坏,使设备出现故障。测量和评估燃烧产物的腐蚀损坏效应对于保证与安全有关的电工电子设备正常运行是十分必要的。     

三峡库区小型垃圾堆放场生活垃圾的稳定化分析

三峡库区生活垃圾基本采取沿长江干流及支流两岸自然堆放,导致形成大量的小型的垃圾堆放场,采取有效的措施综合治理它们对于三峡库区的环境保护至关重要。分析并判别它们的稳定化状态直接关系到治理措施的有效性和针对性。本文主要通过分析三峡库区三个停止使用4～5年的小型垃圾堆放场不同位置垃圾的有机质、浸出液浓度(COD、TN与TP)和含水率,判别各垃圾样品的稳定化程度,进而确定垃圾堆放场的稳定化程度。     

Ni-Si交联改性膨润土的制备与应用研究

以钠基膨润土为原料,制备了镍硅交联改性膨润土,并应用于模拟废水、实验室废水,探讨了镍硅交联改性膨润土对废水中COD、Cr6+、色度、浊度的去除率的影响因素,分别对镍硅交联改性膨润土的镍硅比、废水处理的pH、改性膨润土的投加量、搅拌时间等条件进行了选择。结果令人满意。     

北京城市热岛效应对气温和降水量的影响

借助非参数MannK-endall统计检验方法,对北京市20个气象站44年(1961-2004年)的逐月平均气温和降水资料进行了较为详细的分析。结果表明:①时间上,44年来北京市气温呈持续上升趋势,20世纪80年代为跃变点,跃变后增温趋势更加显著,而降水量呈下降趋势;通过分析5年滑动平均演变图发现,对气温而言,市区增温趋势明显高于郊区,市区和郊区44年来分别以0.44℃/10a和0.01℃/10a的趋势递增,降水量从总体上来说44年来城、郊差异不大,市区和郊区44年来分别以1.82mma/和1.49mma/的趋势递减。②空间上,对年平均气温而言,市区内存在一个明显的上升中心,且等值线较为密集,海淀站Kendall倾斜度高达0.776℃/10a,由于城市热岛效应的存在,1、4、7、10月在市区均存在一个闭合的暖中心,市区内增温幅度大于郊区;对降水量而言,1、4、7、10月在市区和佛爷顶一带均存在着上升中心,降水量呈现上升的趋势,这可能与城市热岛效应的影响有关。