三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯诱发肝脏损害及病理改变研究

本研究观测有机磷酯阻燃剂(OPFRs)污染是否可以诱发肝脏损害,考察其发生及发展程度,并探讨其发生机理,为有机磷阻燃剂污染的防治和相关疾病的有效治疗提供基础数据和科学依据。实验以大鼠为动物模型,将60只SPF级SD雄性大鼠分为5组,每组12只,选取典型的氯代有机磷阻燃剂三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯(TDCPP)对大鼠进行染毒,空白对照组不做任何处理,溶剂对照组以相同体积的橄榄油灌胃,染毒组以不同剂量的TDCPP进行灌胃(125 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)、250 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)和500 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),每周测量体重,于第4周和第8周取血检测肝功及其他生化指标,在第8周每组抽取3只大鼠取肝脏组织做HE染色,并用透射电镜观察分析肝组织病理学改变。TDCPP对大鼠染毒8周后,结果表明:(1)体重指标在灌胃1周后开始发生差异,TDCPP处理组大鼠的体重有下降的趋势,染毒组与空白对照组和溶剂对照组相比较,差异显著(*P0.05,**P0.01),其中高剂量灌胃组的体重下降最为明显(**P0.01);(2)血清肝功指标表现出显著变化,血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、胆固醇和甘油三脂水平在第8周呈现明显下降趋势,染毒组与空白对照组和溶剂对照组比较,差异明显(*P0.05,**P0.01);(3) TDCPP暴露组生理生化指标变化明显,血清乙酰胆碱酯酶活性显著降低,MDA含量显著升高,SOD活力显著性降低,造成氧化损伤,与空白对照组和溶剂对照组比较,差异显著(*P0.05,**P0.01);(4)病理切片结果显示染毒组与对照组比较,细胞坏死现象明显,且高剂量组坏死更为严重。研究结果显示:TDCPP可引起大鼠体重明显下降,大鼠肝脏细胞损伤、合成功能下降,造成肝脏代谢功能紊乱,造成较为严重的肝损伤。     

Characteristics of clustered particles in skimming flows on a stepped spillway

Air–water flows at hydraulic structures are commonly observed and called white waters. The free-surface aeration is characterised by some intense exchanges of air and water leading to complex air–water structures including some clustering. The number and properties of clusters may provide some measure of the level of particle-turbulence and particle–particle interactions in the high-velocity air–water flows. Herein a re-analysis of air–water clusters was applied to a highly aerated free-surface flow data set (Chanson and Carosi, Exp Fluids 42:385–401, 2007). A two-dimensional cluster analysis was introduced combining a longitudinal clustering criterion based on near-wake effect and a side-by-side particle detection method. The results highlighted a significant number of clustered particles in the high-velocity free-surface flows. The number of bubble/droplet clusters per second and the percentage of clustered particles were significantly larger using the two-dimensional cluster analysis than those derived from earlier longitudinal detection techniques only. A number of large cluster structures were further detected. The results illustrated the complex interactions between entrained air and turbulent structures in skimming flow on a stepped spillway, and the cluster detection method may apply to other highly aerated free-surface flows.     

Establishing conversation spaces in hastily formed networks: the worst fire in modern Swedish history

In presenting examples from the most extensive and demanding fire in modern Swedish history, this paper describes challenges facing hastily formed networks in exceptional situations. Two concepts that have been used in the analysis of the socio‐technical systems that make up a response are conversation space and sensemaking. This paper argues that a framework designed to promote understanding of the sensemaking process must take into consideration the time and the location at which an individual is engaged in an event. In hastily formed networks, location is partly mediated through physical systems that form conversation spaces of players and their interaction practices. This paper identifies and discusses four challenges to the formation of shared conversation spaces. It is based on the case study of the 2006 Bodträskfors forest fire in Sweden and draws on the experiences of organised volunteers and firefighters who participated in a hastily formed network created to combat the fire.     

医院低碳经济管理路径探索研究

在建设两型社会的大背景下,我院积极探索低碳经济管理途径,通过实施"四权分离物品管理机制"、全成本核算、打造数字化医院和低碳医疗等手段初步实现了低碳经济管理,并取得了极大的经济效益和社会效益。     

微生物絮凝剂的制备及其对城市污水厂污泥的脱水

研究利用甘蔗渣作为廉价原材料制备微生物絮凝剂并探讨其对城市污泥的脱水性能。按0.5%最佳接种量接种,并利用发酵罐进行批式发酵培养,培养60 h后的发酵液具有最佳絮凝效果,投加量为5.0 mg/L时较优,污泥脱水率从75.60%提高到84.2%,污泥含水率从95.82%降至76.21%。此时絮凝剂粗产量为1.16 g/L。培养108 h后,发酵液仍具有显著的絮凝效果,能使污泥含水率维持在76.81%左右。补料发酵实验表明,恒pH培养会抑制微生物分泌絮凝剂,最佳絮凝效果为72 h的发酵液,投加量5.0 mg/L,污泥含水率降至76.47%。通过补料以及不控制pH后,发酵液絮凝效果迅速上升,投加不同量的发酵液使污泥的含水率保持在76.22%~75.60%之间。综合来说,补料在能减少原料浪费的同时也可以有效地提高絮凝剂的絮凝效果。     

滏阳河表层沉积物重金属污染现状分析及风险评价

针对海河流域重金属污染严重问题,选择海河南系滏阳河作为研究对象,研究表层沉积物中6种重金属元素(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb)含量空间分布特征,采用富集系数(EF)和相关性探讨其来源,并利用地积累指数和潜在生态危害指数评价重金属生态风险.结果表明,滏阳河表层沉积物存在重金属污染问题,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb平均含量分别高达142 mg·kg-1、38.2 mg·kg-1、96.2 mg·kg-1、573 mg·kg-1、0.730mg·kg-1和89.2 mg·kg-1,各元素分别超标河北省环境背景值的1.1倍、0.2倍、3.4倍、6.3倍、7.1倍和3.1倍;沉积物中Ni无重金属富集,其它元素在整个河段上存在不同程度的富集,且Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb 4种重金属元素受人为排放源影响较大.沉积物中重金属污染处于强风险等级,Cd污染达到重风险等级,其它元素处于低风险等级.滏阳河表层沉积物重金属污染主要存在于城市近郊河段以及受污染支流汇入河段.     

直通导叶式微型旋流管组分离效率实验

在矿井井下工作面等粉尘浓度较大的作业场所,直通导叶式微型旋流管组除尘器可满足受空间限制作业场所的初效除尘要求。为研究直通导叶式微型旋流管组的除尘性能,在不同粉尘浓度和抽气率条件下,对直通导叶式微型旋流管组的分离效率进行实验,并对其进气口、排尘口和气流出口的粉尘粒径、形貌进行测试分析。结果表明:直通导叶式微型旋流管组对d50大于14.34 μm的粉尘分离效果较好;当粉尘浓度在200~600 mg/m3、抽气率在0%~5%,直通导叶式微型旋流管组分离效率随着抽气率的增加而逐渐增加;粉尘浓度在600~1 200 mg/m3时,直通导叶式微型旋流管组在抽气率为5%时分离效率可达94%。     

220kV主变压器冷却器全停告警原因分析及处理

针对一起 220 kV 强迫油循环风冷式主变压器冷却器全停事故,对故障原因进行分析,提出了提高冷却器工作电压和调整电压监视继电器整定值的改进措施。应用结果表明:该措施稳定了主变压器冷却器的工作电压,消除了导致冷却器全停的事故隐患,确保了主变压器的安全、可靠运行。     

110kV变电站站用系统故障分析及改进措施

针对一起110kV 变电站站用系统电源切换主接触器的故障,对其进行原因分析,发现变电站站用系统存在线路老化,切换不可靠,维护工作量大等问题。通过采用双电源自动切换开关装置对现有的站用系统进行改造。结果表明:双电源自动切换开关装置不仅简化了线路,消除了站用系统的安全隐患,而且确保了站用系统安全、可靠运行。