全文获取类型
收费全文 | 948篇 |
免费 | 39篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 45篇 |
废物处理 | 132篇 |
环保管理 | 147篇 |
综合类 | 132篇 |
基础理论 | 240篇 |
环境理论 | 4篇 |
污染及防治 | 179篇 |
评价与监测 | 46篇 |
社会与环境 | 53篇 |
灾害及防治 | 15篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 19篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 44篇 |
2015年 | 38篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 70篇 |
2012年 | 45篇 |
2011年 | 62篇 |
2010年 | 47篇 |
2009年 | 54篇 |
2008年 | 54篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 56篇 |
2005年 | 42篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 5篇 |
1955年 | 5篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
1940年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有993条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
571.
John Munthe Eva Brorström-Lundén Magnus Rahmberg Leo Posthuma Rolf Altenburger Werner Brack Dirk Bunke Guy Engelen Bernd Manfred Gawlik Jos van Gils David López Herráez Tomas Rydberg Jaroslav Slobodnik Annemarie van Wezel 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2017,29(1):13
Background
This paper describes a conceptual framework for solutions-focused management of chemical contaminants built on novel and systematic approaches for identifying, quantifying and reducing risks of these substances.Methods
The conceptual framework was developed in interaction with stakeholders representing relevant authorities and organisations responsible for managing environmental quality of water bodies. Stakeholder needs were compiled via a survey and dialogue. The content of the conceptual framework was thereafter developed with inputs from relevant scientific disciplines.Results
The conceptual framework consists of four access points: Chemicals, Environment, Abatement and Society, representing different aspects and approaches to engaging in the issue of chemical contamination of surface waters. It widens the scope for assessment and management of chemicals in comparison to a traditional (mostly) perchemical risk assessment approaches by including abatement- and societal approaches as optional solutions. The solution-focused approach implies an identification of abatement- and policy options upfront in the risk assessment process. The conceptual framework was designed for use in current and future chemical pollution assessments for the aquatic environment, including the specific challenges encountered in prioritising individual chemicals and mixtures, and is applicable for the development of approaches for safe chemical management in a broader sense. The four access points of the conceptual framework are interlinked by four key topics representing the main scientific challenges that need to be addressed, i.e.: identifying and prioritising hazardous chemicals at different scales; selecting relevant and efficient abatement options; providing regulatory support for chemicals management; predicting and prioritising future chemical risks. The conceptual framework aligns current challenges in the safe production and use of chemicals. The current state of knowledge and implementation of these challenges is described.Conclusions
The use of the conceptual framework, and addressing the challenges, is intended to support: (1) forwarding sustainable use of chemicals, (2) identification of pollutants of priority concern for cost-effective management, (3) the selection of optimal abatement options and (4) the development and use of optimised legal and policy instruments.572.
Lilly Lim-Camacho Anoma Ariyawardana Gemma K. Lewis Steven J. Crimp Simon Somogyi Brad Ridoutt Stuart Mark Howden 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(1):93-103
Despite there being considerable research and knowledge surrounding the risks of climate change on agricultural productivity, fewer studies have examined risks from a whole-of-chain perspective (i.e. from producer to consumer) and the perceptions of consumers about the climate adaptation strategies of food businesses. This paper presents the findings of a survey of 1532 Australian consumers and how they might respond to a food company’s climate adaptation strategy. Three respondent archetypes, ‘Eco-warriors’ (n = 557), ‘Undecideds’ (n = 600) and ‘Abdicators’ (n = 375), were identified based on their perceptions of risks associated with climate change and their attitudes towards climate adaptation. Further analysis was carried out to understand how each group of respondents would respond to adaptation strategies employed by food companies. Based on the findings of this study, two main challenges are presented for food value chains: (1) translating consumer needs and preferences to niche opportunities arising from adaptation and (2) understanding how best to communicate adaptation benefits based on varying attitudes and information needs. By addressing these challenges, synergies between adaptation goals and competitive strategies in food value chains may be achieved. 相似文献
573.
Waha Katharina Krummenauer Linda Adams Sophie Aich Valentin Baarsch Florent Coumou Dim Fader Marianela Hoff Holger Jobbins Guy Marcus Rachel Mengel Matthias Otto Ilona M. Perrette Mahé Rocha Marcia Robinson Alexander Schleussner Carl-Friedrich 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(6):1623-1638
Regional Environmental Change - The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region emerges as one of the hot spots for worsening extreme heat, drought and aridity conditions under climate change. A... 相似文献
574.
Simon ML Cherry DS Currie RJ Zipper CE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):2559-2574
The Ely Creek watershed (Lee County, VA) was determined in 1995 to be the most negatively affected by acid mine drainage (AMD)
within the Virginia coalfield. This determination led the US Army Corps of Engineers to design and build passive wetland remediation
systems at two major AMD seeps affecting Ely Creek. This study was undertaken to determine if ecological recovery had occurred
in Ely Creek. The results indicate that remediation had a positive effect on all monitoring sites downstream of the remediated
AMD seeps. At the site most impacted by AMD, mean pH was 2.93 prior to remediation and improved to 7.14 in 2004. Benthic macroinvertebrate
surveys revealed that one AMD influenced site had increased taxa richness from zero taxa in 1997 to 24 in 2004. While in situ testing of Asian clams resulted in zero survival at five of seven AMD influenced sites prior to remediation, some clams survived
at all sites after. Clam survival was found to be significantly less than upstream references at only two sites, both downstream
of un-mitigated AMD seeps in 2004. An ecotoxicological rating (ETR) system that combined ten biotic and abiotic parameters
was developed as an indicator of the ecological status for each study site. A comparison of ETRs from before and after remediation
demonstrated that all sites downstream of the remediation had experienced some level of recovery. Although the remediation
has improved the ecological health of Ely Creek, un-mitigated AMD discharges are still negatively impacting the watershed. 相似文献
575.
Single-pass electrofishing was used to define the most efficient sampling distance to assess stream condition using the index of biotic integrity (IBI) methodology in headwater (<36 km2 drainage area), warmwater streams in the Eastern Corn Belt Plain ecoregion. Based on wetted widths (1–3.3 m) of sampled reaches, we defined effort based on increased area (range 50–555 m2). Sampled area necessary to capture a representative fish assemblage increased until 167-m2 distance, which is equivalent to a minimum sampling distance of one habitat cycle. No significant difference in metric actual observed value response was found with increasing habitat cycle. Increased effort is required in smaller streams widths (≤1 m) to achieve the recommended sample area. The effect of rare fish on the IBI was tested using a modified Walford method. A significant decrease in IBI score was observed when 10 % of the rare data were removed. The presence of rare fish did not influence individual IBI metrics or scores for either the increased effort or reduced effort calibrations until greater than 3 % of the data was removed for number of species, 15 % removal of data for number of minnow species, and 5 % removal of data for catch per unit effort (CPUE). Increased effort did not affect any metric or IBI score, while reduced effort influenced the number of darter, madtom, and sculpin species and catch per unit effort metric scores but did not affect IBI score. 相似文献
576.
577.
An enhanced dual coil 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization method (dual coil/DNPH) allowed the quantitative determination
of formaldehyde (HCHO) in ambient air. In this method, traceable HCHO was collected using a coil sampler connected in series
and lacking a long sampling tube. It was then analyzed using liquid chromatography followed by UV detection of the DNPH derivatives.
The method is based on the reaction of formaldehyde with DNPH to produce 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone. The detection limits
(3σ) were 0.10–0.40 ppbv with a precision ranging from 0.84 to 4.09% RSD. The results of dual coil/DNPH and conventional DNPH
cartridge methods were generally well correlated: HCHO (dual coil/DNPH) = 0.97 (±0.13) vs. HCHO (DNPH Cartridge) + 0.33 (±0.33),
r = 0.82. The dual coil/DNPH method was used to measure gaseous HCHO in the atmosphere of Metropolitan Seoul during the summer
2000 and 2001, and in Gwangju during the fall of 2001 and 2002. The daytime mean concentration of HCHO was 4.52 (±5.69) and
3.21 (±1.27) ppbv in Metropolitan Seoul for 10–12 August 2000 and 29–31 May 2001, respectively, and 1.73 (±0.98), 3.04 (±2.25),
2.70 (±1.70), and 2.01 (±2.28) ppbv in Gwangju City during 22–27 September 2001, 17–24 October 2001, 9–13 October 2002, and
28 October to 2 November 2002, respectively. The HCHO in Seoul from 10–12 August 2000 was mainly the result of photochemical
processes, while direct emissions from vehicles and long-range transport of air from China contributed during 29–31 May 2001.
During 22–27 September 2001, 17–24 October 2001, and 9–13 October 2002 in Gwangju, the HCHO came primarily from photochemical
processes, although some air affected by biomass burning admixed in the late afternoon. The increase in the HCHO concentration
on 20 October 2001 and from 28 October to 2 November 2002 was attributed mainly to direct emissions from biomass burning in
farmland near the measurement site. 相似文献
578.
Kevin S. Simon Michael A. Chadwick Alexander D. Huryn H. Maurice Valett 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,171(1-4):83-92
The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) is a long-term, paired watershed experiment that addresses the effects of acid and nitrogen (N) deposition on whole watersheds. To examine stream response at BBWM, we synthesized data on organic matter dynamics, including leaf breakdown rates, organic matter inputs and standing stocks, macroinvertebrate secondary production, and nutrient uptake in treated and reference streams at the BBWM. While N concentrations in stream water and leaves have increased, the input, standing stocks, and breakdown rates of leaves, as well as macroinvertebrate production, were not responsive to acid and N deposition. Both chronic and acute increases of N availability have saturated uptake of nitrate in the streams. Recent experimental increases in phosphorus (P) availability enhanced stream capacity to take up nitrate and altered the character of N saturation. These results show how the interactive effects of multiple factors, including environmental flow regime, acidification, and P availability, may constrain stream response to chronic N deposition. 相似文献
579.
580.
Theory explains the structure of animal signals in the context of the receiver sensory systems, the environment through which
signals travel and their information content. The influence of signalling context on movement-based signalling strategies
is becoming clearer. Building upon recent findings that demonstrated changing environmental plant motion conditions resulted
in a change of signalling strategy by the Australian lizard Amphibolurus muricatus, we examined whether receiver distance also influences signalling strategies. We found that signalling lizards did not modify
their introductory tail flicking in response to distant viewers in the absence of competing, irrelevant plant image motion
despite significant reductions in signal structure at the eye of the viewer. The magnitude of resultant effect sizes strongly
suggests that receiver distance does not contribute to signalling strategies as much as the presence of motion noise in the
environment. 相似文献