A Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (DEWATS) provides an economically feasible and efficient wastewater treatment solution especially in developing countries. It has an enormous potential for developing a sustainable environmental sanitation system. In this study, the treatment efficiency of eight DEWATS plants was evaluated in the state of Maharashtra, India, for their performance in terms of selected physico-chemical parameters of the wastewater. Although the efficiency of some of the plants was lower than that reported in literature, the effluent quality of all the plants was within the permissible discharge limits of the Central Pollution Control Board for all the parameters. Comprehensive assessment of Plant I was carried in terms of its technical and socio-economic aspects. Moreover, LCA tool has been utilized to evaluate the environmental impacts of the operation stage of DEWATS. The midpoint, CML 2001 (April 2015) methodology was adopted, in which 11 impact categories were considered. From the life cycle impact assessment and interpretation, the main impacts are identified as releases of COD, P-PO43?, and N-NH4+ to water bodies and disposal of sludge. Due to negligible energy consumption, the operation stage was found to be less damaging to the environment. It was concluded that DEWATS can be a good alternative for treating wastewater with negligible energy and chemical consumption.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Toxicity due to heavy metals (HM), specifically mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) remains a challenge to scientists till date.... 相似文献
Honey has multifaceted beneficial properties, but polluted environment and unapproved apicultural practices have led to its contamination. In this study, QuEChERS method followed by chromatographic analysis by GC-μECD/FTD and GC-MS was validated and used for determination of 24 pesticides in 100 raw honey samples from various floral origins of Northern India. Matrix-matched calibrations showed that the method was selective and linear (r2?>?0.99) with detection limit <?9.1 ng g?1 for all the studied pesticides except for monocrotophos (21.3 ng g?1). The average recoveries at different fortification levels ranged from 86.0 to 107.7% with relative standard deviation <?20%. Pesticide residues were detected in 19.0% samples, and most prevalent compounds detected were dichlorvos in 6.0% samples followed by monocrotophos (5.0%), profenofos (5.0%), permethrin (4.0%), ethion (3.0%), and lindane (3.0%) with concentrations ranging from 58.8 to 225.5, from 96.0 to 430.1, from 14.6 to 43.2, from 27.8 to 39.6, from 25.6 to 28.0, and from 19.6 to 99.2 ng g?1, respectively. Honey samples originating from cotton, sunflower, and mustard crops (33.3%) that tested positive for pesticide residues were found to be significantly higher (p?<?0.05) than the honey originating from natural and fruity vegetation (13.5%). Therefore, considering the contamination of environmental compartments due to extensive application of pesticides in the study area and their potential for subsequent transfer to honey by the expeditious bees, the results of present study proclaim that honey may be used as an indicator of environmental pollution. Further, estimated daily intakes of all contaminants were found to be at levels well below their acceptable daily intakes suggesting that consumption of honeys at current levels does not pose deleterious effects on human health. However, precautionary measures should always be taken considering the customary honey feeding in infants and cumulative effect of these chemicals in the foreseeable future. 相似文献
Increasing amount of wastes is posing great difficulties for all countries across the world. The problem of waste management is more severe in developing countries such as India where the rates of economic growth and urbanization are increasing at a fast pace. The governments in these countries are often constrained by limited technical and financial capabilities, which prevent them from effectively addressing these problems. There is a limited participation from the private players too in terms of setting up of waste recycling units. The present study aims at identifying various barriers that challenge the establishment of these units, specific to India. Further, it attempts to identify the most influential barriers by utilizing multicriterion decision-making tools of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL). The findings of the study suggest that the lack of funds, input material, and subsidy are the most influential barriers that are needed to be addressed for the development of waste recycling infrastructure in India.
Implications: This work has been carried out to address the problem of proper waste management in India. To deal with this problem, the method of waste recycling has been felt appropriate by the government of various countries, including India. Therefore, the barriers that play vital role in waste recycling for private players have been identified and their importance has been established with the help of ISM and DEMATEL methods. Doing so will assist the government to take appropriate steps for the betterment of waste recycling infrastructure in India and enhance waste management. 相似文献
The relative impacts of hunting and habitat on waterbird community were studied in agricultural wetlands of southern India. We surveyed wetlands to document waterbird community, and interviewed hunters to document hunting intensity, targeted species, and the motivations for hunting. Our results show that hunting leads to drastic declines in waterbird diversity and numbers, and skew the community towards smaller species. Hunting intensity, water spread, and vegetation cover were the three most important determinants of waterbird abundance and community structure. Species richness, density of piscivorous species, and medium-sized species (31–65 cm) were most affected by hunting. Out of 53 species recorded, 47 were hunted, with a preference for larger birds. Although illegal, hunting has increased in recent years and is driven by market demand. This challenges the widely held belief that waterbird hunting in India is a low intensity, subsistence activity, and undermines the importance of agricultural wetlands in waterbird conservation. 相似文献
The implications of metal contamination of agricultural soils due to long term irrigation with treated industrial wastewater and their subsequent accumulation in the vegetables/crops growing on such soils has been assessed in an area of industrial complex, Jajmau, Kanpur (India). Physico-chemical properties of the soil were also studied. The soil and vegetables/crops were sampled from an area of 2100 acre agricultural land and analyzed for physico-chemical properties and metal accumulation in different parts of the plants. The comparison of the data of physico-chemical properties of control and contaminated soil showed that salinity, electrical conductivity, available phosphorous, sodium and potassium content (both water soluble and exchangeable) were found high in contaminated soil. The analysis of plant available metal content in the soil showed the highest level of Fe, which ranged from 529.02 to 2615 μg g−1 dw and lowest level of Ni (3.12 to 10.51 μg g−1 dw). The analysis of the results revealed that accumulation of toxic metal Cr in leafy vegetables was found more than fruit bearing vegetables/crops. Thus, it is recommended that the leafy vegetables are unsuitable to grow in such contaminated sites. It is important to note that toxic metal, Ni was not detected in all the plants. The edible part of the vegetables (under ground) such as, garlic (19.27 μg g−1 dw), potato (11.81 μg g−1 dw) and turmeric (20.86 μg g−1 dw) has accumulated lowest level of toxic metal, Cr than leafy and fruit bearing vegetables. In some fruit part of vegetables such as, bitter gourd, egg plant, jack tree, maize and okra, the accumulation of Cr was not detected and may be grown in this area. 相似文献
The comparison with National Ambient Air Quality Standards does not always depict a true pic-ture of the Air Quality Status of a study area. As an alternative an index that measures depreciation in Air Quality on more realistic terms has been proposed and
applied to the ambient air monitoring data collected from some areas of Korba Coalfields in India. Results have been discussed in detail to illustrate the applica-tion of the proposed index and utility in bringing out more realistic air quality assessment. 相似文献
Tropical and sub tropical regions are regarded as dominant source of biogenic volatile organic compounds emission (BVOC). However, measurement studies from these regions are limited and largely confined to South Africa and Amazonia. Consequently, global BVOC estimates are mainly based on modeling studies. Moreover, BVOC emission estimate is altogether lacking for any region of the Indian sub continent. This study attempts to estimate isoprene emission capacity of forest of Haryana state. Individual plant species isoprene emission capacity is found to vary from below detection limit (BDL) to 12.01 mg Cm− 2 h− 1. Maximum emission capacity (12.01 mg Cm− 2 h− 1) is noticed in case of Dalbergia sissoo. The area average isoprene emission capacity for the Haryana forest is found to be 19.98 mg Cm− 2 h− 1, which is significantly (2.4 times) higher than the reported isoprene emission value of 8.2 mg Cm− 2 h− 1 for the Kalahari woodland of Africa. 相似文献
In present study focus has been given on estimating quality and toxicity of waste with respect to heavy metals and its impact
on groundwater quality, using statistical and empirical relationships between different hydrochemical data, so that easy monitoring
may be possible which in turn help the sustainable management of landfill site and municipal solid waste. Samples of solid
waste, leachate and groundwater were analyzed to evaluate the impact of leachates on groundwater through the comparison of
their hydrochemical nature. Results suggest the existence of an empirical relationship between some specific indicator parameters
like heavy metals of all three above mentioned sample type. Further, K/Mg ratio also indicates three groundwater samples heavily
impacted from leachate contamination. A good number of samples are also showing higher values for and Pb than that of World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water regulation. Predominance of Fe and Zn in both groundwater
and solid waste samples may be due to metal plating industries in the area. Factor analysis is used as a tool to explain observed
relation between numerous variables in term of simpler relation, which may help to deduce the strength of relation. Positive
loading of most of the factors for heavy metal clearly shows landfill impact on ground water quality especially along the
hydraulic gradient. Cluster analysis, further substantiates the impact of landfill. Two major groups of samples obtained from
cluster analysis suggest that one group comprises samples that are severely under the influence of landfill and contaminated
leachates along the groundwater flow direction while other assorted with samples without having such influence. 相似文献
This paper presents the implementation of a Geospatial approach for improving the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal suitability
site assessment in growing urban environment. The increasing trend of population growth and the absolute amounts of waste
disposed of worldwide have increased substantially reflecting changes in consumption patterns, consequently worldwide. MSW
is now a bigger problem than ever. Despite an increase in alternative techniques for disposing of waste, land-filling remains
the primary means. In this context, the pressures and requirements placed on decision makers dealing with land-filling by
government and society have increased, as they now have to make decisions taking into considerations environmental safety
and economic practicality. The waste disposed by the municipal corporation in the Bhagalpur City (India) is thought to be
different from the landfill waste where clearly scientific criterion for locating suitable disposal sites does not seem to
exist. The location of disposal sites of Bhagalpur City represents the unconsciousness about the environmental and public
health hazards arising from disposing of waste in improper location. Concerning about urban environment and health aspects
of people, a good method of waste management and appropriate technologies needed for urban area of Bhagalpur city to improve
this trend using Multi Criteria Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing for selection of suitable disposal sites.
The purpose of GIS was to perform process to part restricted to highly suitable land followed by using chosen criteria. GIS
modeling with overlay operation has been used to find the suitability site for MSW. 相似文献