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121.
Earthworms in general are tolerant to many chemical contaminants including heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil and
can bio-accumulate them in their tissues. Earthworms species like Eisenia fetida, Eisenia tetraedra, Lumbricus terrestris, Lumbricus rubellus and Allobophora chlorotica have been found to remove heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg, etc.) pesticides and lipophilic organic micropollutants like the
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from the soil. They ‘absorb’ the dissolved chemicals through the moist ‘body wall’
in the interstitial water and also ‘ingest’ by mouth while the soil passes through the gut. They either ‘bio-transform’ or
‘biodegrade’ the chemical contaminants rendering them harmless in their bodies. Meanwhile the quality of the soil is improved
significantly in terms of physical, chemical and biological properties as the worms thoroughly upturn and disperse the soil,
ingest large volumes of soil and excrete nutritive materials (NKP and micronutrients) in the form of ‘vermicasts’ along with
millions of beneficial soil microbes including nitrogen fixers. 相似文献
122.
Saikat Sinha Ray Shiao-Shing Chen Dhanaraj Sangeetha Hau-Ming Chang Cao Ngoc Dan Thanh Quang Huy Le Hong-Ming Ku 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(4):1247-1265
Membrane technology has become a common separation technology over the past decennia. Membranes are used more and more for the production of drinkable water from groundwater, surface water and wastewater. Membranes are now competitive versus conventional techniques. Desalination is predominantly used to eradicate the problem of water scarcity. The sustainability of all desalination processes depends mainly on the reduction of energy costs (production cost) and the increase in water recovery. Forward osmosis and membrane distillation are emerging technologies for sustainable desalination. Here we review membrane processes of forward osmosis and membrane distillation and the advancements in membrane material and modules. We also discuss the capability of membrane distillation in treating highly concentrated aqueous solutions derived from other desalination processes. Furthermore, the advancements in fabrication of high-performance membrane is reviewed and the performance of different membranes and optimization of membrane distillation process are summarized. 相似文献
123.
Fronds of Spirodela polyrrhiza were treated with different concentrations of Cd and malathion singly and in combinations. Results showed that Cd toxicity was more than malathion. The chlorophyll content was more severely affected by Cd (EC-50 of >1.0 µg ml–1); however, its toxicity was ameliorated in the presence of malathion (EC-50 of 2.0 µg ml–1). Although biomass and frond numbers were least affected by these toxicants, at initial treatment durations fronds multiplication was more severely affected than biomass with an increase in treatment durations. The importance of these findings have been discussed in relation to metal abatement and biomonitoring.NBRI Publication No. (432) NS. 相似文献
124.
The presence of citric acid in decontamination waste can cause complexation of the radioactive cations resulting in interferences in their removal by various treatment processes such as chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, etc., which are employed for the removal of radioactivity and may cause potential danger to the environment. Mesoporous Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=30, 51, 72 and 97) and Si-MCM-41 molecular sieves were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by XRD, BET (surface area) and FT-IR to evaluate the removal of citric acid through an adsorption process. Adsorption of citric acid over Al-MCM-41 shows the applicability of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm and follows first order kinetics. The effects of contact time, concentration of citric acid, adsorbents (various Si/Al ratios of Al-MCM-41, Si-MCM-41, Hbeta zeolite and commercial carbon) and pH have been investigated. It has been found that the amount of citric acid adsorbed per unit gram of catalyst followed the order Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=30)>Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=51)>activated charcoal>Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=72)>Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al=97)>Si-MCM-41>Hbeta zeolite. 相似文献
125.
Producer responsibility for e-waste management: key issues for consideration - learning from the Swiss experience 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
E-waste, a relatively recent addition to the waste stream in the form of discarded electronic and electric equipment, is getting increasing attention from policy makers as the quantity being generated is rising rapidly. One of the most promising policy options to address this issue is to extend the producers responsibility for their products beyond the point of sale, until end-of-product-life. This paper briefly introduces the concept of extended producer responsibility (EPR) and its applicability in the area of the end-of-life management of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE). It then examines the decade-long experience of Switzerland in using EPR to manage its e-waste, elaborating on the experience of the Swiss system in overcoming specific issues, and finally wrapping up with a synopsis of the lessons for policy makers. We consider each issue as an enquiry of questions confronting a policy maker and the choices that may present themselves. The five issues discussed are: (i) the challenges in getting an EPR based system started; (ii) securing financing to ensure a self-sustaining and smooth functioning system; (iii) organising a logistics network for the take back and collection of the e-waste; (iv) ensuring compliance of the various actors involved; and finally (v) reducing the threat of monopolistic practices. 相似文献
126.
Patil Tushar Dharaskar Swapnil Sinha Manishkumar Jampa Surendra Sasikumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(24):35723-35745
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The world’s population explosion creates a need for natural resources for energy, which will become a significant contributor to global climate... 相似文献
127.
Nigam Sonal Singh Rachana Bhardwaj Sheetal Kaushik Sami Rokkayya Nikolova Maria P. Chavali Murthy Sinha Surbhi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(3):785-809
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Algae are an enormous source of polysaccharides and have gained much interest in human flourishing as organic drugs. Algal polysaccharides have aroused... 相似文献
128.
Gairola Sandeep Naik Tejas Pramod Sinha Shishir Singh Inderdeep 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(4):2063-2076
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - There is an overwhelming interest in composite materials derived from bio-based waste resources, recycled plastic materials and their combinations.... 相似文献