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91.
Pascal D. Leroy Ahmed Sabri Fran?ois J. Verheggen Fr��d��ric Francis Philippe Thonart Eric Haubruge 《Chemoecology》2011,21(3):113-122
In natural environment, semiochemicals are involved in many interactions between the different trophic levels involving insects, plants and hosts for parasitoids or prey for predators. These volatile compounds act as messengers within or between insect species, inducing particular behaviours, such as the localisation of a source of food, the orientation to an adequate oviposition site, the selection of a suitable breeding site and the localisation of hosts or prey. In this sense, bacteria have been shown to play an important role in the production of volatile compounds which ones act as semiochemicals. This review, focusing on the semiochemically mediated interactions between bacteria and insects, highlights that bacterial semiochemicals act as important messengers for insects. Indeed, in most of the studies reported here, insects respond to specific volatiles emitted by specific bacteria hosted by the insect itself (gut, mouthparts, etc.) or present in the natural environment where the insect evolves. Particularly, bacteria from the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonaceae and Bacillaceae are involved in many interactions with insects. Because semiochemicals naturally produced by bacteria could be a very interesting option for pest management, advances in this field are discussed in the context of biological control against insect pests. 相似文献
92.
To study the biological variation in the content of some persistent organic pollutants, viz hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha- and gamma-HCH), and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) were analysed in needles from Scots pine trees growing at an isolated peninsula south of Stockholm, Sweden. The concentration variations of each compound was evaluated by a nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) with sampling site specific compass direction, individual tree, and sampling height as factors. Two pair-wise post hoc tests were used to test significant results from the ANOVA. The hexachlorocyclohexanes showed no significant differences between sampling site, trees or sampling height. DDT concentration was significantly lower at the sampling site with the densest vegetation compared to at least three of the other sampling sites. HCB was significantly lower at the lowest sampling height (0.5 m). 相似文献
93.
The Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments Along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
El Nemr A Said TO Khaled A El-Sikaily A Abd-Allah AM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,124(1-3):343-359
Coastal marine sediment samples were collected from 31 sampling stations along the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast. All sediment
samples were analyzed to determine aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as total organic carbon (TOC)
contents and grain size analysis. Total concentrations of 16 EPA-PAHs in the sediments were varied from 88 to 6338 ng g−1 with an average value of 154 ng g−1 (dry weight). However, the concentrations of total aliphatic were varied from 1.3 to 69.9 ng g−1 with an average value of 15.6 ng g−1 (dry weight). The highest contents of PAHs were found in the Eastern harbor (6338 ng g−1), Manzala (5206 ng g−1) and El-Jamil East (4895 ng g−1) locations. Good correlations observed between a certain numbers of PAH concentrations allowed to identify its origin. The
average total organic carbon (TOC) percent was varied from 0.91 to 4.54%. Higher concentration of total pyrolytic hydrocarbons
(∑COMB) than total fossil hydrocarbons (∑PHE) declared that atmospheric fall-out is the significant source of PAHs to marine
sediments of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. The selected marked compounds, a principal component analysis (PCA) and special
PAHs compound ratios (phenanthrene/anthracene vs fluoranthene/pyrene; ∑COMB/∑EPA-PAHs) suggest the pyrogenic origins, especially
traffic exhausts, are the dominant sources of PAHs in most locations. Interferences of rather petrogenic and pyrolytic PAH
contaminations were noticed in the harbors due to petroleum products deliveries and fuel combustion emissions from the ships
staying alongside the quays. 相似文献
94.
Hassan Hisham Soliman El-Kamash Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim Haneen Abdel-Salam 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25641-25655
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A composite polymer, hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid), was synthesized by gamma-induced polymerization. The factors affecting the sorption... 相似文献
95.
96.
Saad A. El-Sayed Ahmed M. Abdel-Latif 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2000,13(6):509-517
The critical temperature as well as the critical flux for ignition of a dust layer of cornflour and a mixture of wheatflour and cornflour (80% wheatflour+20% cornflour) on a hot plate have been determined. The moulded sample was cylindrical in shape and of different heights and diameters. The particle size of dusts ranged between 63 μm to 150 μm. The temperature–time histories for self-heating without ignition and with ignition are offered, showing the critical boundaries between them. Also the times to ignition for each dust, showing the effect of sample size on their values, are determined. Certain experimental correlations which relate to times to ignition, as well as the critical temperature for ignition and thermal and geometrical dimensions of sample are presented. 相似文献
97.
The effect of the microbial flora of municipal sewage, with special reference to faecal coliform and faecal streptococci groups, on the hydrocarbons biodegradation of the refinery wastewater from the Moustorod Oil Refinery has been studied. The results indicate that sewage with its microbial flora seems to have a significant role in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons in refinery wastewater. In addition, the early degradation in the wastewater seeded by sewage reveals that faecal streptococci, in addition to other microbial flora, have a significant role in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. 相似文献
98.
S A Soliman N S Ahmed K S el-Gendy A S el-Bakary A H el-Sebae 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1986,21(5):401-411
The susceptibility of wild mallard ducklings to the delayed neurotoxic effect of the neurotoxic organophosphorus insecticides cyanofenphos and leptophos was evaluated following a daily dosing regimen. Ducklings were treated daily with either cyanofenphos or with leptophos at different dose levels for 90 days, or until they died, or became paralyzed. A control group of ducklings given corn oil at 1 ml/kg daily for 90 days was used for comparison. All treated birds were observed daily for any clinical signs of neurotoxicity during the course of this study. All of the surviving ducklings that were treated with cyanofenphos at 4 mg/kg/day or leptophos at 10 mg/kg/day developed clinical signs of delayed neurotoxicity after 7 to 11 weeks of intoxication. Symptoms included leg weakness, ataxia, severe ataxia and paralysis. The observed clinical signs were confirmed by histological changes found in the spinal cords of the treated birds. These changes were of the type associated with organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). These results demonstrate that wild mallard ducklings are susceptible to OPIDN and this avian species can be used in screening organophosphorus compounds for such effect. 相似文献
99.
A H El-Sebae S A Soliman N S Ahmed 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1979,14(3):247-263
Cyanofenphos (surecide)(R), 25% E.C., O-ethyl O-(4-cyanophenyl) phenylphosphonothioate, was orally administered to one year old lambs at sublethal doses of 1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg active ingredient kg-1 day-1 for time intervals 60, 45 and 30 days respectively. Irreversible paralytic ataxia symptoms of delayed neuropathy appeared at about 80, 50 and 30 days respectively. In weekly blood samples, AChE (acetylcholine-sterase) and MAO (monoamine oxidase) activities were inhibited depending upon level of dosing and time interval. However no significant correlation was found between the extent of plasma AChE and MAO inhibition and the onset of ataxia symptoms. In brain samples from ataxiated animals, AChE, MAO and NTE (neurotoxic esterase) activities were assayed simultaneously with untreated animal. Direct correlation was shown between in vivo NTE inhibition and the occurrence of delayed neuropathy. Cyanofenphos is the third compound of the phenyl phosphonothioate type on the market showing delayed neuropathy together with Leptophos and EPN. 相似文献
100.