UASB-SBR工艺处理阿维菌素废水

采用UASB-SBR 组合工艺处理阿维菌素废水,考察了UASB 反应器和SBR 反应器中COD 的去除效果.UASB 反应器稳定运行阶段,当进水COD 为9 210 mg / L、容积负荷为9.21 kg（/ m3·d）时,COD 去除率稳定在85%左右.SBR 反应器稳定运行阶段,当进水COD 为1 010 mg /...     

Determinations of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers in channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds from China by isotopic dilution LC-MS/MS

HBCD is widely used brominated flame retardant, which is increasingly reported in the environment. A new isotopic dilution LC-MS/MS method was developed to determine three HBCD isomers, α-, β- and γ-HBCD in channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds in this study, and especially for the first time HBCD isomers composition in crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds. Soxhlet extractor and GPC cleanup were used, some important steps and crucial parameters were modified and intensified compared with other literatures, and LC and MS/MS conditions were optimized. The limits of quantitation values of 0.01, 0.005 and 0.005 ng g⁻¹ wet weight in channel catfish and crayfish were calculated for three HBCD isomers, respectively; so did 0.1, 0.05 and 0.05 ng g⁻¹ wet weight in eggs and 0.2, 0.1, 0.1 ng g⁻¹ wet weight in fish feeds. Recoveries of α-HBCD, β-HBCD and γ-HBCD were ranged between 75% and 105% for these productions at medium and high-level spiked samples, and between 60% and 85% at low-level spiked samples. The established methods were therefore suitable for the determinations of three HBCD isomers in these productions at trace contamination levels. Moreover, thirty commercial channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds samples collected from local markets, and thirty home-produced hen eggs from private owners in Hubei province of China, were analyzed to determine whether these productions were contaminated by HBCD. Using the established methods, HBCD emerged in 4 of 30 fish feeds and 3 of 30 home-produced eggs, and in low-ng g⁻¹ wet weight.     

环保工程施工合同中的法律风险防范

阐述了环保企业在签订、履行工程合同时容易发生的诸如合同主体资格、价格结算、合同的有效期等问题,对相关案例进行了剖析,并提出了具体的防范措施。     

城市居民对大型主题公园预期影响的感知研究——以芜湖方特欢乐世界为例

一个旅游地旅游开发成功与否同接待地社区居民的感知与态度密切相关。对于一个刚刚建成的旅游地而论,居民的支持程度如何势必对其未来的发展有着重要的影响。以旅游资源非优质城市——芜湖为例,选择在方特欢乐世界建成初期,对当地居民预期旅游影响感知进行了调查,并运用统计分析、EXCEL等方法软件分析了当地居民对方特旅游开发所产生的旅游影响的感知与态度。调查结果显示,芜湖的旅游业处于发展阶段,当地居民对预期经济影响的正面感知较强;居民对预期环境影响的正面感知强于负面感知,多数居民认为发展方特主题公园将会改善当地环境和整体外貌,他们对方特主题公园的发展持赞同态度。基于上述分析结果,提出了相关建议以促进主题公园在资源非优区的发展。     

水环境中有机污染物对藻类毒理性的探讨

近年来,环境中的有机污染物对生态环境的破坏日益加剧,并严重威胁到了人类的生存和发展。藻类作为初级生产者,是整个生态系统物质循环和能量流动的基础,因此研究水环境中有机污染物对藻类的毒理性,对于环境污染的监测具有深远的意义。就有机污染物对藻类的毒性机理、藻类对有机污染物的敏感度等问题的研究现状进行综述,并对藻类在环境监测方面的应用前景进行展望。     

高校学生干部队伍团队精神培养初探

阐述了团队精神及其对于高校学生干部队伍的重要意义,结合所在高校学生干部队伍的现状进行了分析,发现目前高校学生干部队伍在团队精神培养工作方面存在部分学生干部自身素质欠缺、学生工作机制有待完善、培养方法与学生需求存在一定距离、学生干部间缺乏沟通等问题,并对其成因进行了剖析,尝试通过规范工作机制、创造交流机会、开展各种形式的团队实践活动等方法予以解决,以期为新时期高校学生干部队伍建设提供新思路。     

Impact of dissolved organic matter on bioavailability of chlorotoluron to wheat

Chlorotoluron (Chl) is a phenylurea herbicide and is widely used for controlling weeds. While it has brought great benefits to crop production, it has also resulted in contamination to ecosystem. In this study, we investigated accumulation of chlorotoluron (Chl) and biological responses of wheat plants as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Wheat seedlings grown under 10 mg kg⁻¹ Chl for 4 d showed a low level of chlorophyll accumulation and damage to plasma membrane. The growth was inhibited by exposure of chlorotoluron. Treatment with 50 mg DOC kg⁻¹ DOM derived either from sludge (DOM-SL) or straw (DOM-ST) attenuated the chlorotoluron toxicity to plants. Both DOMs decreased activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in Chl-treated seedlings. However, an increased glutathione S-transferases activity was observed under the same condition. Wheat plants treated with Chl in the presence of DOM accumulated less Chl than those treated with Chl alone. Moreover, in the presence of DOM, bioconcentration factor (BCF) decreased whereas translocation factors increased. Analyses with FT-IR spectra confirmed the regulatory role of DOMs in reducing Chl accumulation in wheat.     

固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用测定水中痕量多环芳烃

采用固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用测定水中痕量多环芳烃(PAHs)。通过正交试验,得到最佳固相萃取条件为:上样流速为5mL/min、采用二氯甲烷洗脱、洗脱剂用量为3mL、洗脱流速为2mL/min。测定结果显示,固相萃取与气相色谱—质谱联用技术对萘、菲、荧蒽3种PAHs的检出限为0.03～0.07μg/L,加标回收率为70%～100%,相对标准偏差为3.90%～9.58%。该方法精密度高、准确度好,能满足实际水样中痕量PAHs的测定要求。     

基于“压力—状态—响应”模型和分形理论的湿地生态健康评价

科学评价湿地生态系统健康是湿地管理和保护的重要前提。以海河流域河北衡水湖湿地为例,采用"压力—状态—响应"(PSR)模型对其健康评价进行探讨研究,并对该模型的压力、状态和响应部分分别建立相应的指标体系;该指标体系不仅将生态、经济、社会要素结合起来,而且考虑了湿地所处地区的社会经济结构、湿地所具有的功能以及管理部门、个人及企业等对保护湿地所采取的措施。同时,根据湿地生态系统具有自组织、自相似的特征,基于分形理论对其进行评价。计算分析时首先对选择的各指标进行归一化处理,然后采用最小二乘法求解拟合曲线斜率的方法来计算分维数(D),由1/D得到脆弱度,以此作为评价健康程度的依据。计算结果表明,D=0.5826,则脆弱度为1.7164,表明衡水湖湿地生态系统处于不健康程度。该湿地亟待开展进一步的科学管理和生态保护。     

电化学预处理提高剩余污泥好氧消化性能研究

采用电化学方法对好氧消化处理前的剩余污泥(以下简称污泥)进行预处理,考察了不同预处理条件对污泥有机物(以MLVSS来表征)的去除效果,探讨了电化学预处理对污泥好氧消化效率的影响。结果表明,以网状钛涂钌电极板为电极,在pH为11.00,极板间距为2.0cm,工作电压为15V,气体搅拌作用下电解30min后,污泥(初始质量浓度为20.04g/L)的MLVSS去除率达9.7%。污泥经过电化学预处理后,在自然温度(10～15℃)下进行好氧消化处理,14d后MLVSS去除率达40.1%,而同期未经预处理的污泥MLVSS去除率为33.2%,并于20d后达40.2%。经电化学预处理后污泥的好氧消化效率显著提高,大大缩短了污泥好氧消化的时间。