Combined toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides and heavy metals: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Co-occurrence of pyrethroid insecticides and heavy metals in the environment may produce combined toxic effects that are higher or lower than toxic...     

Concentrations and classification of HCHs and DDTs in soil from the lower reaches of the Jiulong River, China

Soil is an important source to other environmental media and organisms for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) bioaccumulation. Twenty-four representative surface soil samples were collected from the lower reaches of the Jiulong River, China, in 2009. The concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) ranged from 0.38 to 39.52 ng·g^?1, with a mean value of 9.51 ng·g^?1. The concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and their metabolites were within the ranges of 0.94–700.99 ng·g^?1, with a mean value of 71.17 ng·g^?1. The concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in the soil were lower than the first grade level (50 ng·g^?1) of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard (GB15618-1995). Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Pearson’s bivariate Correlations Analysis (PCA) were used to analyse the distribution and contamination levels of OCPs in this region. The results showed that DDTs were the major contaminants and there were no significant correlations between various OCPs concentrations and the total organic carbon (TOC) contents. A significant positive correlation was observed between HCHs and DDTs (p<0.01), which indicates that HCHs and DDTs may have similar sources and fate in the study area.     

多户化粪池联用的生活污水处理净化槽的研究

在单独净化槽的基础上针对农村现有的自来水化工程相配的化粪池,研发多户联用的多功能高效新型净化槽,调查了生物滤床对污水净化作用,测定了各区BOD5、氨氮和浊度的变化情况,讨论了各区生物滤床对出水水质的影响。结果表明:当处理能力为单独净化槽4倍情况下,各区加入滤床后出水的BOD5、氨氮和浊度分别为3 mg/L、10.5 mg/L和5NTU,水质指标均可达到国家一级排放标准,大大减少了净化槽的投资费用。     

从抽提叶绿素后的蚕沙中提取叶蛋白

本文分析了从抽提叶绿素后的蚕沙中提取叶蛋白的工艺条件。结果表明：以０７％ＮａＯＨ作提取剂,料比１∶７,于６０℃搅拌提取６ｈ,叶蛋白的提取率为８４１２％;再用（１＋１）ＨＣｌ调ｐＨ值为３５,即得叶蛋白沉淀。按上述工艺条件,叶蛋白得率（以蚕沙干物计）为１００９％,蛋白质含量为７６６８％,提高了蚕沙的综合利用价值     

壳聚糖乙酸酯冠醚对金属离子的吸附性能研究

利用壳聚糖Ｃ２位上活泼氨基与苯甲醛进行反应,制得了Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱苯甲醛壳聚糖（简称ＣＴＢ）,再将合成的二苯并１６－冠－５氯代乙酸酯冠醚接枝到ＣＴＢ上,得到壳聚糖－苯并１６－冠－５乙酸酯冠醚（简称ＴＣＢＣ）,使其在酸性条件下脱去苯甲醛,制得壳聚糖－二苯并１６－冠－５－乙酸酯冠醚（简称ＣＴＣＥ）。经元素分析、红外光谱分析表征了其结构。并研究了ＣＴＢＣ和ＣＴＣＥ对Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｎｉ     

动力波洗涤器脱硫试验研究

采用动力波洗涤器冷模试验装置,在不加脱硫剂的情况下,考察各操作参数(液气比、pH值)及液柱喷射方式(逆喷、顺喷)对脱硫效率的影响,并对不同水质的清水(自来水、去离子水)的脱硫效率进行对比分析。结果表明:自来水的脱硫效率随液气比的增加而增大;逆喷时的脱硫效率明显高于顺喷;液气比>7时,逆喷的脱硫效率在75%以上;自来水的脱硫效率较去离子水要高;撞击流有强化吸收的特性。     

大气颗粒物酸缓冲能力来源解析技术与应用

建立了大气颗粒物酸缓冲能力的表征方法,测定了天津市区不同源类的酸缓冲能力;建立了基于二重源解析技术(NCMB)的TSP酸缓冲能力来源识别技术,阐述了其技术原理,并在天津城区加以应用.结果表明,大气中颗粒物浓度和降雨量是影响天津城区降雨pH值的关键因素;颗粒物的酸缓冲能力主要来源于城市扬尘、建筑水泥尘和土壤风沙尘等开放源.开放源污染是现阶段决定天津城区酸雨发展的关键因素之一.     

华北典型污灌区有机氯农药残留特征及健康风险评价

在我国华北地区由于水资源的匮乏及农业生产的需要,采用污水灌溉与施用有机氯农药(OCPs)结合的农业管理方式普遍存在。大量OCPs则被引入到当地环境中,进而可能对该地区的居民产生潜在的健康风险。本研究分析石家庄市汪洋沟污灌区OCPs的残留状况,探讨污水灌溉条件下土壤-作物系统OCPs残留对土壤质量影响,并评价经口摄入及皮肤接触两种暴露途径下对人体产生的健康风险。结果表明:汪洋沟污灌区地表水、沉积物、土壤和玉米籽粒中检出了14种OCPs,其平均残留浓度分别为36.5 ng·L~(-1)、62.9 ng·g~(-1)、57.3 ng·g~(-1)和27.0 ng·g~(-1),滴滴涕(DDTs)是其最主要的污染物,占OCPs的73%以上,其次是六六六(HCHs)和甲氧滴滴涕。р,р'-DDT是DDTs的最主要成分,其主要来源于污水灌溉或近期DDTs的使用。γ-HCH是环境HCHs残留的主要成分,其主要来源于林丹的输入和使用。此外,在该地区污灌条件下OCPs残留对土壤中C、N循环及有机S的矿化产生一定的负面影响。研究区OCPs残留对人体产生的非致癌风险和致癌风险均不超过控制标准,但经口摄入所引致的非致癌风险应予以关注,其中р,р'-DDT与γ-HCH为主要风险物质。     

The adsorption of PCBs to Yangtse River sediment

The adsorption of six PCB congeners to natural sediments from the Yangtse River was investigated. Experiments were conducted at different PCB concentrations to get the adsorption isotherm for each compound. Analytical determinations were carried out using gas chromato‐graphy with ECD detector. Results showed that the adsorption mechanism of PCBs on Yangtse River sediment fitted the best to the Langmuir adsorption model. It was also found that the adsorption rate decreased as the solubility increased or the octanol‐water partition coefficient decreased for each compound.     

Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in sediments from the Yangtse River,China

Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs pollution levels were determined in sediment samples taken from three sites along the Yangtse River (Nanjing part). The concentrations of various pesticides were in the range of 1.42–8.06 ng/g (t‐HCH), and <0.01–4.12ng/g (t‐DDT), while the concentrations of PCBs were below detection limit at all three sites. The contamination by Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in sediments from the Yangtse River was not significant when compared with that reported in the literature from some other countries’ rivers, which may be due to the high flow velocity and water amount of the Yangtse River.