A Novel Hyperbranched Polymeric Flocculant for Waste-Water Treatment

Cationic hyperbranched oligomer poly(N-acryloyl-1,2-diaminoethane hydrochloride) (HADE) was firstly synthesized by Michael addition reaction. And then, a series of cationic flocculants poly(acrylamide/N-acryloyl-1,2-diaminoethane hydrochlorides) (PAM-HADEs) with hyperbranched structure was prepared from HADE as macro-monomer and acrylamide (AM). The structures of PAM-HADEs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). And the properties were systematically evaluated by intrinsic viscosity, zeta potential and hydrodynamic radius. The mechanism of the cationic hyperbranched copolymer used in water treatment was extensively studied via a jar test in which the transmittance of the supernatant, settling time, and average floc size were used to evaluate the flocculability. Compared with the linear flocculant poly (acrylamide/liner-N-acryloyl-1,2-diaminoethane hydrochloride) (PAM-LADE), the novel hyperbranched polymeric flocculants exhibited outstanding flocculability which were reflected by shorter settlement time, high transmittance and large floc size. The primary cause that PAM-HADEs owned excellent flocculability is the more stretching configuration and less chains entanglement of PAM-HADEs in waste-water due to their hyperbranched structure compared with that of the linear PAM-LADE which exhibited curly coil configuration. On the other hand, abundant and exposed cationic terminal groups of PAM-HADEs originated from their hyperbranched structure also hint higher flocculation capacity. At optimum dosages of the polymer, the transmittance of the supernatant is less at low and high pH values, indicating that the natural pH (pH 7.29) of the suspension is the most appropriate pH for the flocculation.     

Long-term recovery narratives following major disasters in Southeast Asia

Regional Environmental Change - Most studies of major disasters focus on the impacts of the event and the short-term responses. Some evaluate the underlying causes of vulnerability, but few...     

Developing a framework for integrating local and scientific knowledge in internationally funded environment management projects: case studies from Kien Giang Province,Vietnam

Local and scientific knowledge, when adequately and properly integrated, produces enormous benefits for natural resource management in comparison to a single knowledge system being used. Adequate and proper integration has major constraints that include ineffective use of the integrated knowledge, thoroughly inclusive processes, and true public participation. A six-stage framework is developed using the results and conclusions of two case studies regarding sustainable management of eroding mangrove-dominated muddy coasts in Vam Ray, Hon Dat district, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. The framework does not stop with the creation of integrated knowledge, but should undergo a longer process. The new knowledge developed in this framework is the understanding gained and lessons learnt during the testing of products of multiple knowledge systems in a local context rather than products of integrated knowledge systems themselves. The Vam Ray framework promotes a high level of participation, effective use of products of multiple knowledge systems, maximum integration of local and scientific knowledge, local ownership, and sustainability. Therefore, the Vam Ray framework adds a new dimension to the literature in relation to integration of local and scientific knowledge in natural resource management.     

Macroinvertebrate community in relation to water quality and riparian land use in a substropical mountain stream,China

Exploring how water quality and land use shape the benthic macroinvertebrate community composition is of widespread interest in biodiversity conservation and environmental management. In this study, we investigated the structures of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and their environmental controls in terms of water quality and riparian land use in the Jinshui River, China. We carried out three campaigns including wet season (August 2009), dry season (November 2009), and normal season (April 2010) based on the hydrological regime in Jinshui basin. The result showed that macroinvertebrate assemblage variations were better explained by water quality factors than land use based on variance partitioning procedure. The land use of 2 km upstream from the sampling sites had explained more variation than that of the whole riparian zone in upstream catchment on macroinvertebrate community, and land use of 2 km upstream also had more interactions with water quality. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the elements or nutrient of magnesium (Mn), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), silicon (Si), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DN), sulfur (S), total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) in water exhibited a strong relationship with macroinvertebrate assemblages. However, the variance in water quality explained by land use was lower than that explained by water quality in rivers using redundancy analysis. Our study suggested that proximate factors (i.e., water quality) were more important to interpret the macroinvertebrate community compared to ultimate factors (i.e., land use) for macroinvertebrate assemblages in river system.     

洪涝灾情评估标准关键技术问题的探讨

开展洪涝灾情评估工作对于各级防汛主管部门制定应对措施,提高洪涝灾害管理效率具有重要的现实意义。为了规范洪涝灾情评估,国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室启动了水利行业标准《洪涝灾情评估标准》的编制工作。对《洪涝灾情评估标准》的编制背景和编制过程中评估实施主体、评估资料来源、评估指标选取、评估指标阈值区间确定、灾害级别确定、评估模型确定等关键技术问题进行了探讨,可为下一阶段标准编制工作提供技术支撑。     

N系列聚丙烯催化剂生产中含P含Ti高沸物的处理

通过水合、萃取、水洗等操作工艺对N系列催化剂生产过程中产生的含P含Ti高沸物进行处理。用去离子水回收含P含Ti高沸物中的TiCl4,形成TiCl4水溶液;采用萃取剂S(一种醇类物质)对TiCl4水溶液进行萃取净化;三次萃取后TiCl4水溶液中的ρ(P)和ρ(Mg)均小于50mg/L,达到厂家优级品要求。采用新工艺对含P含Ti高沸物进行无害化处理,与原工艺比较,每生产1t催化剂,可节省质量分数为40%的液碱约15t,减少废渣13t左右,减少废水20t以上。     

广西山口红树林生态自然保护区海域沉积物重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险评价

为了解山口红树林生态自然保护区海域沉积物重金属的污染特征,于2018年1-8月采集表层沉积物,分析了沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的含量。采用单因子污染指数评价法和潜在生态风险指数法进行重金属污染现状和生态风险评价。根据《海洋沉积物质量》GB18668-2002一类标准评价结果,干季、湿季超标的环境因子均为油类、有机碳、硫化物,其余环境因子均小于1,有较大的环境容量。根据潜在生态风险评价结果,干季、湿季各站位重金属综合潜在生态风险指数均小于150,沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险程度较轻,属于低风险范畴。     

次氯酸钙溶液的脱硫脱硝特性

采用Ca(ClO)2溶液在高效反应瓶中与模拟烟气进行脱硫脱硝实验,考察了模拟烟气中SO2和NOx的去除效果,以动力学为理论基础研究了Ca(ClO)2的脱硫脱硝性能。实验结果表明:在模拟烟气中SO2,NO,NO2的质量浓度分别为3700,1300,820 mg/m^3及Ca(ClO)2溶液浓度为0.35 mol/L的条件下,SO2去除率达到100%,NOx去除率达到67%。脱硫过程中吸收液中的ClO-是100%脱硫率的保障。Ca^2+吸收SO2的反应速率呈现一级反应的特征。得到的脱硫产物CaSO4·2H2O达到了工业石膏的品质要求。同时脱硫脱硝时NOx和SO2具有协同作用。     

臭氧/ 生物活性炭深度处理循环养殖废水

随着工厂化循环水养殖的不断发展,高浓度循环养殖废水对环境污染日益严重.为实现环境友好和资源节约,采用臭氧/生物活性炭对循环养殖废水进行深度处理中试研究.实验结果表明,臭氧化臭氧最佳投加量为4 mg/L,显著增强水体的可生化性,使TOC(总有机碳)/UV254(在波长为254 nm处的单位比色皿光程下的紫外吸光度)提高80%.臭氧/生物活性炭对循环养殖废水中的有机物和氨氮具有良好的去除效果.臭氧/生物活性炭对TOC、高锰酸盐指数和UV254的最终去除率比生物活性炭分别高11.9%、13.4%和6.5%.臭氧/生物活性炭和生物活性炭对氨氮的最终去除率分别为96.0%、90.7%.     

Comparison of carbonyl compounds emissions from diesel engine fueled with biodiesel and diesel

The characteristics of carbonyl compounds emissions were investigated on a direct injection, turbocharged diesel engine fueled with pure biodiesel derived from soybean oil. The gas-phase carbonyls were collected by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-coated silica cartridges from diluted exhaust and analyzed by HPLC with UV detector. A commercial standard mixture including 14 carbonyl compounds was used for quantitative analysis. The experimental results indicate that biodiesel-fueled engine almost has triple carbonyls emissions of diesel-fueled engine. The weighted carbonyls emission of 8-mode test cycle of biodiesel is 90.8 mg (kW h)^?1 and that of diesel is 30.7 mg (kW h)^?1. The formaldehyde is the most abundant compound of carbonyls for both biodiesel and diesel, taking part for 46.2% and 62.7% respectively. The next most significant compounds are acetaldehyde, acrolein and acetone for both fuels. The engine fueled with biodiesel emits a comparatively high content of propionaldehyde and methacrolein. Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, has lower specific reactivity (SR) caused by carbonyls compared with diesel. When fueled with biodiesel, carbonyl compounds make more contribution to total hydrocarbon emission.