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581.
Size segregated suspended particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10-2.5) in air at four major petroleum-filling stations in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were monitored using double staged “Gent” stacked samplers to assess variations in mass loads and elemental concentrations of 25 elements. Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Cs, Ta, W, and Pb were determined in both fractions by external ion beam proton-induced X-ray emission technique. Enrichment factors and pollution indices were calculated and results revealed that most elements were anthropogenic in both fractions with concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization guideline standards. 相似文献
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El-Shafey EI 《Journal of environmental management》2007,84(4):620-627
A carbonaceous sorbent was prepared from peanut shell via sulphuric acid treatment. Se(IV) removal from aqueous solution on the sorbent was studied varying time, pH, Se(IV) concentration, temperature and sorbent status (wet and dry). Se(IV) removal was faster using the wet sorbent than the dry sorbent following a pseudo-first-order model. Se(IV) removal increases at low pH values, and decreases as pH increases until pH 7. Sorption was found to fit the Langmuir equation and sorption capacity for the wet sorbent was higher than that for the dry one. Both sorbents showed an increased selenium sorption by rising the temperature. Redox processes between Se(IV) and the carbon sorbent are involved. Analysis by scanning electron microscope and X-ray powder diffraction for the sorbent after the reaction with acidified Se(IV) confirmed the availability of elemental selenium as particles on the sorbent surface as a result of Se(IV) reduction. Physicochemical tests showed an increase in sorbent acidity, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and surface functionality after the reaction with acidified Se(IV), indicating the oxidation processes occurring on the sorbent surface. Due to its reduction properties, the sorbent seems efficient for Se(IV) removal from aqueous solution. 相似文献
584.
The soils formed on fortifications around the sites of ancient settlements 1500 and 2700 years old were studied in the Endyr archaeological landmarks (West Siberia, central taiga). It was shown that podzolic soils with morphological characteristics identical to those of the background soils were formed during these time periods. An attempt was made to estimate the characteristic times for some chemical characters. The greatest values of this parameter were about 8000 years. 相似文献
585.
Pöllänen R Ikäheimonen TK Klemola S Vartti VP Vesterbacka K Ristonmaa S Honkamaa T Sipilä P Jokelainen I Kosunen A Zilliacus R Kettunen M Hokkanen M 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2003,64(2-3):133-142
Projectiles suspected to be composed of depleted uranium (DU) were found in Kosovo. Their properties were analysed using alpha and gamma ray spectrometry, mass spectrometry and electron microscopy. They were found to be composed of DU with small amounts of other elements such as Ti. 236U was detected in the penetrators, reflecting the use of reprocessed fuel. No transuranium elements were detected. The typical external dose rate meter is not the best option for mapping the location of penetrators from the ground. Monte Carlo calculations were performed in estimating possible skin doses. Penetrators in long-lasting contact with skin may cause a notable equivalent dose to skin. 相似文献
586.
A. Durán J.M. Monteagudo I. San Martín M. Aguirre 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(9):1840-1846
The aim of this work was to study the mineralization of wastewater effluent from an integrated-gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) power station sited in Spain to meet the requirements of future environmental legislation. This study was done in a pilot plant using a homogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation process with continuous addition of H2O2 and air to the system.The mineralization process was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Experimental kinetic constants were fitted using neural networks (NNs). The NNs model reproduced the experimental data to within a 90% confidence level and allowed the simulation of the process for any values of the parameters within the experimental range studied. At the optimum conditions (H2O2 flow rate = 120 mL/h, [Fe(II)] = 7.6 mg/L, pH = 3.75 and air flow rate = 1 m3/h), a 90% mineralization was achieved in 150 min.Determination of the hydrogen peroxide consumed and remaining in the water revealed that 1.2 mol of H2O2 was consumed per each mol of total organic carbon removed from solution. This result confirmed that an excess of dissolved H2O2 was needed to achieve high mineralization rates, so continuous addition of peroxide is recommended for industrial application of this process.Air flow slightly improved the mineralization rate due to the formation of peroxo-organic radicals which enhanced the oxidation process. 相似文献
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A. Camacho R. Devesa I. Serrano S. Blázquez L. Matia 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(12):1048-1054
A study is presented on the distribution of 234U, 238U, 235U isotopes in surface water of the Llobregat river basin (Northeast Spain), from 2001 to 2006. Sixty-six superficial water samples were collected at 16 points distributed throughout the Llobregat river basin. Uranium isotopes were measured by alpha spectrometry (PIPS detectors). The test procedure was validated according to the quality requirements of the ISO17025 standard. The activity concentration for the total dissolved uranium ranges from 20 to 261 mBq L−1. The highest concentrations of uranium were detected in an area with formations of sedimentary rock, limestone and lignite. A high degree of radioactive disequilibrium was noted among the uranium isotopes. The 234U/238U activity ratio varied between 1.1 and 1.9 and the waters with the lowest uranium activity registered the highest level of 234U/238U activity ratio. Correlations between uranium activity in the tested water and chemical and physical characteristics of the aquifer were found. 相似文献
590.