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451.
Hamilton Lawrence C. Hartter Joel Keim Barry D. Boag Angela E. Palace Michael W. Stevens Forrest R. Ducey Mark J. 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(6):1819-1832
Regional Environmental Change - Wildfire poses a rising threat in the western USA, fueled by synergies between historical fire suppression, changing land use, insects and disease, and shifts toward... 相似文献
452.
A. Bélanger Herman A. Hamilton 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):213-226
Abstract The residues of disulfoton and permethrin in an organic soil and in vegetables grown in soil treated with a granular formulation of the pesticides were determined by gas chromatography. The residues were removed from soil or plant samples by successive extractions with acetone and hexane. Permethrin persisted in the soil for the initial 28 days and declined slowly during the rest of the season but disulfoton after persisting for one week at the applied concentration was degraded in the next two weeks. The insecticides did not translocate into the edible parts of the vegetables but were present in the root system of onion and lettuce. Carrot and lettuce yields were not significantly different from those of the controls but onion yields were substantially decreased by the use of per‐methrin. 相似文献
453.
Stuart L. Dattner Joe O. Ledbetter Richard W. Miksad 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):305-309
A simple method for calculating long term (1 year average) combustion emissions from cargo vessels is presented. The method uses emission factors for the five EPA criteria pollutants based on the amount and type of cargo carried by these vessels. Separate emission factors are derived for the underway and docking operations based on current fuel consumption to transport or load/unload cargo. Fuel consumption is then converted to emission factors in the form of tons of pollutant per million ton miles of cargo transported or tons of pollutant per million tons of cargo loaded/unloaded. The emission calculations can be performed on a desk calculator using data published in a federal document. The annual emissions of the Port of Houston are estimated as a sample calculation. The report also Includes a method of determining the spatial distributions of the emissions and a listing of stack parameters. 相似文献
454.
Tetrabromobisphenol-A, hexabromocyclododecane and its degradation products in UK human milk: relationship to external exposure 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and its degradation products were determined in 34 human milk samples from Birmingham, UK. TBBP-A was detected in 36% of samples (average=0.06 ng g(-1) lw), with HBCDs detected in all samples (average ΣHBCDs=5.95 ng g(-1) lw). α-HBCD comprised 62-95% ΣHBCDs while β- and γ-HBCD constituted 2-18% and 3-33% respectively. Enantioselective enrichment of (-)-α-HBCD (average enantiomer fraction=0.29) was observed indicating potential enantioselectivity associated with HBCD absorption, metabolism and/or excretion. The degradation products pentabromocyclododecenes (average=0.04 ng g(-1) lw; n=9) and tetrabromocyclododecadienes (average=0.15 ng g(-1) lw; n=25) were detected for the first time in human tissues. Average exposures of a nursing infant to ΣHBCDs and TBBP-A (35 and 1 ng kg(-1) bw day(-1) respectively) via breast milk exceeded upper-bound dietary intakes of both UK adults and toddlers. Using a simple pharmacokinetic model, intakes of UK adults via inhalation, diet and dust ingestion were converted to predicted body burdens. Predictions compared well with those observed for HBCDs but observed body burdens of TBBP-A exceeded predictions. This may indicate the human half-life of TBBP-A is greater than observed previously, that intakes may be underestimated, or that concentrations reported here reflect recent elevated episodic exposure. 相似文献
455.
Rahman Humairat H. Niemann Danielle Munson-McGee Stuart H. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(8):20147-20158
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Lung cancer is one of the primary causes of death with poor life expectancy after diagnosis. History of past respiratory diseases such as asthma,... 相似文献
456.
Dominic Muenzel Kay Critchell Courtney Cox Stuart J. Campbell Raymond Jakub Wahid Suherfian La Sara Iliana Chollett Eric A. Treml Maria Beger 《Conservation biology》2023,37(3):e14038
Larval dispersal connectivity is typically integrated into spatial conservation decisions at regional or national scales, but implementing agencies struggle with translating these methods to local scales. We used larval dispersal connectivity at regional (hundreds of kilometers) and local (tens of kilometers) scales to aid in design of networks of no-take reserves in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. We used Marxan with Connectivity informed by biophysical larval dispersal models and remotely sensed coral reef habitat data to design marine reserve networks for 4 commercially important reef species across the region. We complemented regional spatial prioritization with decision trees that combined network-based connectivity metrics and habitat quality to design reserve boundaries locally. Decision trees were used in consensus-based workshops with stakeholders to qualitatively assess site desirability, and Marxan was used to identify areas for subsequent network expansion. Priority areas for protection and expected benefits differed among species, with little overlap in reserve network solutions. Because reef quality varied considerably across reefs, we suggest reef degradation must inform the interpretation of larval dispersal patterns and the conservation benefits achievable from protecting reefs. Our methods can be readily applied by conservation practitioners, in this region and elsewhere, to integrate connectivity data across multiple spatial scales. 相似文献
457.
Local studies show upslope shifts in the distribution of tropical birds in response to warming temperatures. Unanswered is whether these upward shifts occur regionally across many species. We considered a nearly 2000-km length of the Northern Andes, where deforestation, temperature, and extreme weather events have increased during the past decades. Range-restricted bird species are particularly vulnerable to such events and occur in exceptionally high numbers in this region. Using abundant crowd-sourced data from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology database, eBird, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, we documented distributions of nearly 200 such species. We examined whether species shifted their elevational ranges over time by comparing observed versus expected occurrences below a low elevational threshold and above a high elevational threshold for 2 periods: before and after 2005. We predicted fewer observations at lower elevations (those below the threshold) and more at upper elevations (those above the threshold) after 2005. We also tested for deforestation effects at lower elevations within each species’ distribution ranges. We compared relative forest loss with the differences between observed and expected occurrences across the elevational range. Species’ retreats from lower elevations were ubiquitous and involved a 23–40% decline in prevalence at the lowest elevations. Increases at higher elevations were not consistent. The retreats occurred across a broad spectrum of species, from predominantly lowland to predominantly highland. Because deforestation showed no relationship with species retreats, we contend that a warming climate is the most parsimonious explanation for such shifts. 相似文献
458.
459.
Is selenium affecting body condition and reproduction in boreal breeding scaup, scoters, and ring-necked ducks? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DeVink JM Clark RG Slattery SM Wayland M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):116-122
Elevated levels of selenium (Se) have been detected in wintering and spring-staging lesser scaup. Here, we compared spring scaup Se and mercury (Hg) levels to those of ring-necked ducks and white-winged scoters, species exhibiting increasing and decreasing boreal populations, respectively. Mercury concentrations were low in all three species. Geometric mean (95%CI) liver Se concentrations were 6.2 (5.5-7.0), 4.6 (4.0-5.4), and 32.6 (28.4-37.3)mg/kg dry weight (dw) in scaup, ringnecks and scoters, respectively. Only scoter livers (66%) were above 33 mg/kgdw Se. Scaup and ringneck Se levels were unrelated to breeding status or lipid and protein levels; breeding scoters and females with greater lipid mass had higher Se than non-breeders. Egg and follicle concentrations in scaup and scoters were normal (mean [95%CI]=2.3 [1.9-2.6] and 2.4 [2.1-2.7]mg/kgdw, respectively). Overall, we found no support for a relationship between selenium and boreal scaup and scoter declines, and discuss current Se threshold concentrations. 相似文献
460.