NID半干法脱硫灰生产蒸压砖中试实验研究

为了实现NID半干法脱硫灰综合利用,对利用吉林某电厂NID半干法脱硫灰作为主要原料在现有生产线生产蒸压砖进行研究,中试实验结果表明,在对现有生产线的各工艺参数进行调整及配方优化下,可以解决直接利用NID半干法脱硫灰为蒸压砖主要原材料所产生的诸如层裂、龟裂、强度低等问题,生产出30%NID半干法脱硫灰添加量的蒸压砖。并在对NID半干法脱硫灰进一步预处理下,生产出40%NID半干法脱硫灰添加量的蒸压砖。产品满足国家M15标准规定的外观、强度及抗冻融性等指标。     

Contamination and distribution of parent,nitrated, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat

Smoked meat is widely consumed in many areas, particularly in rural southwest China. High concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked meat could lead to adverse dietary exposure and health risks. In this study, 27 parent PAHs (pPAHs), 12 nitrated PAHs (nPAHs), and 4 oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) were measured in coal- and wood-smoked meats. The median concentrations of pPAHs, nPAHs, and oPAHs were as high as 1.66?×?10³, 4.29, and 20.5 ng/g in the coal-smoked meat and 2.54?×?10³, 7.32, and 9.26 ng/g in the wood-smoked meat, respectively. Based on the relative potency factors of individual PAHs, the calculated toxic equivalent (TEQ) values of all pPAHs were 22.1 and 75.1 ng TEQ/g for the wood- and coal-smoked meats, respectively. The highest concentrations of PAHs can be found in the surface layer of skin and decrease exponentially with depth. Surface PAH concentrations correlated with concentrations of PAHs in household air and with the concentration in emission exhaust. Migration of PAHs from surface to interior portions of meat is faster in lean than in fat or skin, and oPAHs and pPAHs can penetrate deeper than pPAHs. The penetration ability of PAHs is negatively correlated with the molecular weight.     

高炉瓦斯泥对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附

采用等离子体发射光谱、N2吸附和傅里叶红外光谱技术(FT-IR)对高炉瓦斯泥(BFS)进行了表征,测得其BET比表面积为21.13 m2/g、并且含有羟基、酯基等功能性官能团。实验考察了吸附剂用量、pH值、吸附温度、Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度对高炉瓦斯泥吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的影响,结果表明,当Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度为100 mg/L时,温度为313 K、高炉瓦斯泥用量为1.5g/L、pH=5时,20 min可达到吸附平衡,吸附率为99.99%。并且吸附过程符合准二级动力学反应模型以及Freundlich吸附等温式,其表观活化能Ea=58.27 kJ/mol,该吸附过程是自发的、吸热的熵增过程。     

Significance of autochthonous Bacillus sp. KK1 on biomineralization of lead in mine tailings

The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize potential autochthonous bacteria for biomineralization of Pb in mine tailings. A total of four bacteria were isolated from the soil samples and assayed for tolerance to Pb and other heavy metals. Isolate KK1 exhibited maximum Pb resistance and was subsequently identified as Bacillus sp. based on the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. The isolate KK1 reduced the Pb ions and did not harbor pbrT gene. Selective sequential extraction of bioaugmented soil revealed that the isolate significantly reduced (26%) the exchangeable fraction and increased (38%) the carbonate fraction of Pb. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the role of bacterially induced calcite precipitation in the bioremediation of mine tailings. A significant increase in the urease (334%), DHO (dehydrogenase) (14%), and phosphatase (37%) activity was observed in the bioaugmented mine soil.     

微电解-Fenton深度处理制药废水影响因素与参数控制

采用铁炭微电解-Fenton联合工艺深度处理制药废水生化出水,探讨了初始pH、曝气量、反应时间等因素对微电解出水Fe2+和Fe3+变化规律、COD降解速率以及后续Fenton氧化效果的影响,为优化微电解-Fenton氧化联合工艺提出了微电解间歇加酸的理论。间歇加酸可提高微电解系统中COD降解速率和Fe2+含量,使后续Fenton氧化无需投加FeSO4·7H2O即可达到较好的COD去除效果。结果表明,当初始pH=2.5,曝气量为0.6 m3/h,间歇加酸30 min/次,微电解反应2 h,出水投加1 mL/L的H2O2进行Fenton氧化2 h,COD总去除率可达81.33%;间歇加酸30 min/次可将微电解反应2 h出水Fe2+浓度从50 mg/L提高至151 mg/L,COD降解速率从10.6 mg COD/(L·h)提高至22.2 mg COD/(L·h)。     

铜仁汞矿区土壤汞污染现状调查研究

为了进一步对废弃汞矿污染区的生态环境进行跟踪调查及科学的评价,2015年通过对铜仁市废弃汞矿区周围的稻田、旱田及菜地土壤汞污染现状调查分析。采用S型随机抽样方式,并使用原子荧光光度法对研究对象进行分析。结果表明:万山镇、云场萍及路腊村汞矿区稻田土壤总汞(THg)含量平均值分别为123.75、79.33、21.89 mg/kg;其旱田土壤THg含量平均值分别为:117.20、73.34、19.90 mg/kg;其菜地土壤THg含量平均值分别为129.40、81.78、26.50 mg/kg;且,万山汞矿区甲基汞(Me Hg)含量平均值分别为6.48(稻田)、4.80(旱田)、6.40μg/kg(菜地);云场萍汞矿区Me Hg含量平均值分别为3.73(稻田)、2.47(旱田)、6.40μg/kg(菜地);路腊村汞矿区Me Hg含量平均值分别为1.92(稻田)、0.87(旱田)、2.47μg/kg(菜地)。以上结果说明万山废弃汞矿区的污染程度高于云场萍废弃汞矿区及路腊村废弃汞矿区。     

Human bronchial epithelial cell injuries induced by fine particulate matter from sandstorm and non-sandstorm periods: Association with particle constituents

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the exacerbation of respiratory diseases following sandstorm-derived particulate matter(PM) exposure.The presence of anthropogenic and biological agents on the sandstorm PM and the escalation of PM 2.5 μm(PM2.5)pollution in China have led to serious concerns regarding the health effects of PM2.5during Asian sandstorms.We investigated how changes in PM2.5composition,as the weather transitioned towards a sandstorm,affected human airway epithelial cells.Six PM2.5samples covering two sandstorm events and their respective background and transition periods were collected in Baotou,an industrial city near the Gobi Desert in China.PM samples from all three periods had mild cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B,which was positively correlated with the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and several metals.All PM samples potently increased the release of interleukin-6(IL-6) and interleukin-8(IL-8).Endotoxin in all samples contributed significantly to the IL-6 response,with only a minor effect on IL-8.Cr was positively correlated with both IL-6 and IL-8 release,while Si was only associated with the increase of IL-6.Our study suggests that local agricultural and industrial surroundings in addition to the sandstorm play important roles in the respiratory effects of sandstorm-derived PM.     

云南鹤庆西山岩溶地下水主要离子雨季和旱季对比及来源分析

鹤庆西山岩溶地下水是当地居民的主要生活用水来源,本文综合运用统计学分析方法对地下水主离子的雨季和旱季变化特征及其来源进行了研究。结果表明,研究区岩溶地下水主要补给来源为大气降水,TDS介于113.3~180.76mg/L属弱矿化度水,总硬度(Ca2++Mg2+)介于38~53 mg/L之间属于极软水。HCO-3和(Ca2++Mg2+)分别占主要阴阳离子的79.6%~95.5%和75%~94%,按照O.A.阿列金分类法研究区水质为HCO3-Ca·Mg型水。Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4及HCO-3均未出现季节性变化,Na+与NO-3为丰水期枯水期,K+出现异常为丰水期枯水期。参照我国及世界卫生组织饮用水标准,锰矿黑龙潭泉受人为活动的影响较大,不宜长期饮用;其他地区主要离子浓度不会对人体产生危害。     

以聚羟基脂肪酸酯为固体碳源去除地下水中的硝酸盐

研究了可降解聚合物聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）作为固体碳源和生物膜载体去除地下水中硝酸盐的影响因素。结果表明,低温反硝化有较大影响,5℃和10℃时的反硝化速率分别只有30℃时的5%和13%。反硝化对进水pH有较强的适应性,在pH4.5-9.5条件下,反硝化速率介于11.2-15.8mg/（Loh）之间。pH为4.5-8.5时,出水亚硝酸盐的浓度相差不大。DO对以反硝化速率影响不大,当进水DO为0.9mg/L-5.0mg/L时,反硝化速率介于12.6-15.8mg/（Loh）之间,出水NO2-N浓度的最大值为0.15 mg/L。     

海上石油泄漏事故危害及其应急处理

系统地综述了海上石油泄漏的来源、危害、应急处理措施以及海上和海岸线石油污染的处理技术。目前海上石油泄漏处理技术仍以传统方法为主,因此,如何更加快速地制定和实施海上石油泄漏的应急处理对策,以及开发海上石油污染治理的新技术并进行推广应用,将是今后工作的重点。