安全评价工作中的几点体会

本人在从事安全评价过程中有几点体会,想与同行进行交流和沟通,希望能够对我们所从事的安全评价工作有一个促进和提升,使每一个从事安全工作的人员真正能够为企业安全生产提供帮助,为安全监督管理部门监管提供技术支撑。也希望能够对刚刚从事安全评价工作的人员有所帮助。     

Person–organization and person–supervisor fits: Employee commitments in a Chinese context

The present study simultaneously examined people's perceptions of person–organization (PO) and person–supervisor (PS) fit and related these perceptions to employees' commitments. Three‐hundred‐and‐sixty employee–supervisor dyads from Taiwanese organizations reported about their PO fit and PS fit perceptions. In addition, supervisors reported about their perceptions of fit and guanxi with each of their employees. Results indicated that PO and PS fit perceptions both had an independent and additive relationship with organizational commitment. The link between employee PS fit perceptions and organizational commitment was mediated by commitment to the supervisor. Both employee and supervisor fit perceptions contributed to commitment to the supervisor through their influence on the quality of the leader‐member exchange (LMX). Guanxi could not explain additional variance in LMX and supervisor commitment. Implications for theory and practices regarding person–environment fit, commitment, and LMX are discussed. The study findings offered suggestions for a new Theory of Multiple Fits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国应关注ISO呼吸防护的标准化工作

本文介绍了国际标准化组织（ISO）正在开展的呼吸器标准化工作的情况,包括参与国家信息和工作分工情况,以及ISO呼吸器标准体系、产品分类、标准项目信息、产出、进展和进度,分析了ISO标准在未来对全球呼吸防护计数和产品市场发展的影响,并呼吁中国尽早采取主动行动参与其中,争取获得更多的话语权和掌握未来产品技术发展方向的主动权。     

3种抗生素对热带爪蟾胚胎发育的毒性影响

由抗生素在畜牧养殖业中的滥用造成的水环境污染问题及其对水生生物的毒害作用日益受到关注.用0.5～ 1.5 g/L的氯霉素(Chloramphenicol)、红霉素(Erythromycin)和0.01 ～ 0.5 g/L的四环素(Tetracycline)对热带爪蟾(Xenopus tropicalis)胚胎进行72 h暴露.结果表明,1.25 g/L和1.5 g/L的氯霉素使胚胎存活率分别下降了7％和14％,红霉素对胚胎存活无明显影响,0.5 g/L四环素导致胚胎全部死亡.1.5 g/L的氯霉素和红霉素使胚胎体长分别减少了7％和9％,0.25 g/L的四环素使胚胎体长减少了4％.3种抗生素能引起围心腔水肿、泄殖腔增大或拉长、肛门扩张和尾部弯曲等多种畸形现象,1.5g/L的氯霉素造成的总畸形率和围心腔水肿率分别为44％和34％;1.5 g/L的红霉素造成的总畸形率和泄殖腔增大率分别为22％和20％;0.25 g/L四环素造成的总畸形率和肛门扩张率分别为75％和59％.3种抗生素对热带爪蟾胚胎的发育毒性从大到小为四环素、氯霉素、红霉素.     

单兵用主动式听力保护技术研究现状分析

战场噪声是造成单兵听力损伤的重要原因,通常要求单兵处于大于85dBA的噪声环境中需佩戴听力保护装置。听力保护装置通常包括耳罩式和耳塞式。新型单兵用耳塞式听力保护装置具有听力保护、环境声音的监听、持续及脉冲噪声抑制、通信接入等多种功能。     

Mobilization and plant accumulation of prometryne in soil by two different sources of organic matter

Prometryne is a selective herbicide of the s-triazine chemical family. Due to its weak absorption onto soil, it readily leaches down through the soil and contaminates underground water. Application of organic manure to soil has become a widespread practice as a disposal strategy to improve soil properties. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of pig manure compost (PMC) and lake-bed sludge (SL) on the sorption/desorption, mobility and bioavailability of prometryne in soil using comprehensive analysis approaches. Downward movement of prometryne was monitored in the packed soil column. Addition of PMC or SL decreased considerably the mobility and total concentration of prometryne in the soil leachate. Bioavailability analyses with wheat plants revealed that addition of the organic matter reduced accumulation of prometryne in tissues and increased plant elongation and biomass. These results indicate that the organic amendments are effective in modifying adsorption and mobility of the pesticide in soil.     

2016—2021年四川省地表水体中铀的放射性水平及健康风险评价

为调查四川省地表水体中放射性物质铀（U）的含量,评价居民摄入地表水体中U导致的健康风险,在四川省主要地表水系中共设置23个监测断面,于2016—2021年检测了U的放射性水平,并根据健康风险评价模型对居民的健康风险进行评估。结果表明：四川省地表水体中U的质量浓度为0.16～3.6 μg/L,参照《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749—2022）,均合格;不同年份、不同地表水体中U的放射性水平间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;不同水期U的放射性水平间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。各年龄组通过饮水、水体浸没途径摄入U所致总年均待积有效剂量均＜0.1mSv;对各年龄段居民的总致癌风险为4.18×10^-9 ～2.24×10^-8 ,均低于世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）发布的最严格控制限值。全省主要地表水体中U对各年龄组都是安全的。     

黑臭水体治理Ⅰ：水体氧状态对沉积物中重金属形态及生物有效性的影响

黑臭水体治理会逐步恢复上覆水中溶解氧浓度,基于这一过程构建了室内模拟装置,模拟上覆水不同氧状态,探究由此引发的氧化还原体系变化,及6种重金属元素(Co、Ni、Cu、As、Sb和Pb)的形态和生物有效性变化.结果表明,上覆水氧化还原电位为-109.60～+136.40 mV,主要受铁锰体系控制,好氧和厌氧阶段沉积物氧化还原电位分别为-160.40～-116.40 mV和-370.10～-250.30 mV,分别由铁锰体系和硫体系控制.上覆水中溶解氧浓度上升会引起沉积物中有效态S和Fe减少,上覆水和浅层沉积物中有效态Mn减少,而有效态Fe和Mn浓度在溶解氧浓度降低后会逐步升高,说明上覆水氧状态改变能触动上覆水和沉积物中氧化还原体系变化.但上覆水氧状态改变不足以引起上覆水和沉积物中重金属总量变化(除Sb),上覆水中Co、Ni、Cu、As、Sb和Pb总量分别为0.94～1.69、2.23～3.06、0.62～1.43、0.48～0.98、0.89～5.64、0.14～0.26μg·L^-1,沉积物中分别为17.74～18.65、26.82～29.45、54.64～57.33...     

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during heating season in Beijing

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and their nitrated derivatives(NPAHs) attract continuous attention due to their outstanding carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In order to investigate the diurnal variations, sources, formation mechanism, and health risk assessment of them in heating season, particulate matter(PM) were collected in Beijing urban area from December 26, 2017 to January 17, 2018. PAHs and NPAHs in PM were quantitatively analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). ...     

我国PCDD/Fs网格化大气排放清单

PCDD/Fs排放清单是进行PCDD/Fs控制、环境归趋行为研究和健康风险评估的基础.本研究基于我国官方发布的2004年各行业PCDD/Fs排放清单的基础上,结合联合国环境规划署(UNEP) 2013年发布的最新《鉴别及量化PCDD/Fs类排放标准工具包》中PCDD/Fs排放因子,估算了我国2016年各省各行业PCDD/Fs大气排放量,并结合各行业网格化指代数据,建立了我国PCDD/Fs大气网格化排放清单(1/4°×1/4°经纬度),最后利用蒙特卡洛模型分析了清单的不确定性.结果表明,2016年我国PCDD/Fs大气排放量(以TEQ计,下同)为10 366 g,与2004年相比增加了约2倍.从排放行业来看,金属生产是我国大气中PCDD/Fs的主要来源,2016年排放量为5 333 g,其次为垃圾焚烧(2 469 g),供热和发电(1 290 g)和矿物产品生产(933 g),以上4个行业排放量占我国PCDD/Fs大气总排放的97%.从空间来看,我国大气PCDD/Fs排放主要集中在京津冀、长三角和珠三角地区,其中京津冀和长三角地区PCDD/Fs排放主要来自钢铁生产,珠三角地区主要来自垃圾焚烧.