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11.
Lefevre Kay Arora Chetan Lee Kevin Zaslavsky Arkady Bouadjenek Mohamed Reda Hassani Ali Razzak Imran 《The Environmentalist》2022,42(3):402-416
Environment Systems and Decisions - For mission critical (MC) applications such as bushfire emergency management systems (EMS), understanding the current situation as a disaster unfolds is critical... 相似文献
12.
Lakes in Killarney Park near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, have shown dramatic water quality changes including general increases in pH and alkalinity, and decreases in SO4(2-), base cations and metals. While some lakes have recovered to pH > 6.0, many are still highly acidic despite decades of improvement. Very high historical S deposition related to emissions from the Sudbury metal smelters dominated the acidification process in this region. However, since the implementation of substantial S emission controls (90%) at the smelters, the Sudbury emissions are no longer the major source of S deposition in the Sudbury area. Wet deposition of SO4(2-) and SO4(2-) concentrations in lakewaters at Killarney now approach values in the Dorset, Ontario, area, about 200 km from Sudbury. This suggests that the S deposition to the Killarney area is now primarily from long-range transport, not from local sources. Studies of Killarney lakes are revealing the complex nature of the chemical recovery process. As lake acidity decreases, other changes including decreased Ca2+ concentrations, increased transparency, and altered thermal regimes may potentially affect some of these ecosystems. It is clear that continuing assessments of the recovery of Killarney lakes, within a multiple-stressor framework, are needed. 相似文献
13.
Hyperfiltration and nanofiltration membranes were tested with different water matrices for the removal of excess fluoride
from underground water. Initially, the experiments were done with synthetic samples prepared by adding known amounts of sodium
fluoride and calcium chloride in distilled water. The effect of feed water composition, pH, temperature of feed water, operating
pressure, and feed water flow rate on separation efficiency of both types of membrane was studied by varying one parameter
at a time and keeping all other parameters constant. Thus, the optimum operating conditions for the process were determined
and after that ground water samples collected from three villages of district Gurgaon, Haryana, India (Farukhnagar, Wazirpur,
and Mevka) were treated under optimum operational conditions. The mass transfer coefficient and membrane parameters were estimated
for each data point using two-parameter model (Film theory and Solution-diffusion model) to study the concentration polarization
on membrane surface. The nanofiltration membrane showed high percentage rejection of bivalent ions when compared to monovalent
ions in a binary system. But in multicomponent system, when fluoride and calcium coexisted, the removal of fluoride was comparable
to calcium removal because of the low solubility product of calcium fluoride. The results with RO membrane revealed that it
removes practically all the ions present in water at high pressure, which need to be passed through a lime column to remineralize
the water, to make it suitable for drinking purposes, whereas by running the system at low pressure which will further reduce
the cost of operation, rejection percentage goes down to get permeate of required quality. 相似文献
14.
Effects of Regional Reductions in Sulphur Deposition on the Chemical and Biological Recovery of Lakes within Killarney Park, Ontario, Canada 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Snucins E Gunn J Keller B Dixit S Hindar A Henriksen A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,67(1-2):179-194
The lakes in KillarneyProvincial Park, located 40–60 km southwest ofSudbury, Ontario, were some of the first lakesin North America to be acidified by atmosphericpollutants. Acidification affected thousandsof fish and invertebrate populations in dozensof lakes. Since the 1970's, water quality hasimproved in response to atmospheric pollutionreductions and some lakes have alreadyrecovered to approximately their pre-industrialpH levels, as inferred from diatom microfossilsin lake sediments. Since the 1970's, fishspecies richness has not changed substantially,but zooplankton species richness has increasedin acidified lakes. The critical sulphur load,the amount of SO2-derived acid depositionthat can occur while still maintaining suitable water quality, was estimated to beexceeded in 38% of the park area in 1997. Depending on which of four possible NorthAmerican emission control scenarios (CLR =currently legislated reduction; CLR + 25%; CLR+ 50%; CLR + 75%) is achieved by 2010, theprojected critical loads will be exceeded inabout 0-30% of the park area in the future. There are many factors that can affectbiological recovery rates of damaged lakes, butit is expected that biological recovery willlag considerably behind observed chemicalrecovery rates. 相似文献
15.
Wendel Keller Jocelyne H. Heneberry Sushil S. Dixit 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2003,32(3):183-189
毗邻加拿大安大略省萨德伯里市的基拉尼公园中的湖泊都表现出明显的水质变化,其中包括pH值和碱度的普遍增加,SO2- 4、碱基阳离子和金属浓度的减少.经过数十年的改善,尽管一些湖泊的pH值已经大于6,但仍有许多湖泊的湖水酸度却一直很高.过去,萨德伯里金属冶炼厂排放引起的过高的硫沉降左右了这一地区的酸化过程.然而,自从冶炼厂的硫排放被严格控制之后(排放量降低了90%),萨德伯里地区的硫排放就不再是该地区最主要的硫沉降源了.目前,基拉尼地区的SO2- 4湿沉降和湖水中SO2- 4浓度已经十分接近约200km外的安大略省多赛特地区,这就表明基拉尼地区的硫沉降现在主要来自于长距离传输,而不是当地污染源.对基拉尼湖泊的研究揭示了化学恢复过程的复杂本质.一旦湖水的酸度降低,就会引起一系列的变化,包括Ca2+浓度的减少,透明度增加和热力学状态改变.这些变化可能会潜在地影响一些生态体系.因此很明显需要对基拉尼湖泊的恢复在多胁迫因子的框架内继续进行评价. 相似文献
16.
Influence of soil type and extraction conditions on perchlorate analysis by ion chromatography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Perchlorate is a stable anion that has been introduced into the environment through activities related to its production and use as a solid rocket propellant. Perchlorate is thought to transport through soils without being adsorbed; thus, for determination of perchlorate in soil, samples are typically extracted with water prior to analysis. The completeness of extraction depends on perchlorate existing as a free ion within the soil matrix. In this study, perchlorate extraction efficiency was evaluated with five soil types under two different oxygen states. For each soil, 30% (w/w) slurries were prepared and equilibrated under either oxic or anoxic conditions prior to spiking with a stock solution of sodium perchlorate, and the slurries were then maintained for 1-week or 1-month. At the end of the exposure, slurries were centrifuged and separated into aqueous and soil phases. After phase separation, the soil was washed first with deionized water and then with 50mM NaOH, producing second and third aqueous phases, respectively. Perchlorate concentrations in the three aqueous phases were determined using ion chromatography. The results obtained from this study suggest that matrix interference and signal suppression due to high conductivity have greater effects upon observed perchlorate concentrations by ion chromatography than does perchlorate interaction with soil. Thus, a single water extraction is sufficient for quantitative determination of perchlorate in soil. 相似文献
17.
Kumar A Kumar B Arora MP 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2008,29(3):339-342
Adult male rose ringed parakeets were exposed to very long photoperiod (22 hr L: 2 hr D) and very short photoperiod (2 hr L: 22 hr D) daily for 60 days during different phases of the annual testicular cycle. Adrenal activities of the experimental birds were compared with that of parallel held natural photoperiodic birds. Marked atrophy of adrenocortical cells was noted in the glands of long photoperiod (22 hr L:2 hr D) during different phases, i.e., post-breeding, quiescent and pre-breeding phases of annual gonadal cycle. The atrophied cells were not uniformly distributed in different groups of long photoperiod responsive birds. During pre-breeding, post-breeding and quiescent phases marked atrophy of the adrenocortical cells were restricted to the sub capsular zone of the gland. The cytometric and karyometric studies also revealed significant decrease in the cortical cord width and diameter of nuclei in the cortical cells in either subcapsular zone in the gland of long photoperiodic birds considered for treatment during pre-breeding, post-breeding and quiescent phase or in both the sub capsular zone and the inner zone. The cytometric and karyometric values did not show any change from control birds. 相似文献
18.
Polyphenols and polyphenol-rich fractions of plants have been reported to have protective effects against lipid peroxidation,
most probably by serving as scavengers of free radicals and/or by chelating metal ions. In the present study, the effect of
different extracts/subfractions of Chickrassy (Chukrasia tabularis) on peroxyl radical mediated damage to the polyunsaturated fatty acids was investigated. Liver homogenate was used as experimental
material. The production of malondialdehyde served as a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. It was observed
that polyphenol-rich fractions, particularly the ethyl acetate fractions of bark and leaves, showed the highest protective
activity of 83.02% and 88.62% inhibition, respectively. This study will help in knowing the scientific validation of this
plant, for its use in ayurvedic formulations.
The current in vitro experiments performed herewith comply with the current laws of India. 相似文献
19.
Kalra Sunishtha Banderwal Rittu Arora Kaushal Kumar Sandeep Singh Govind Chawla Pooja A. Behl Tapan Sehgal Aayush Singh Sukhbir Bhatia Saurabh Al-Harrasi Ahmed Aleya Lotfi Dhiman Anju 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(12):16786-16798
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurological disorder which represents a major health issue worldwide. It causes mortality and disability among all... 相似文献
20.
This study attempted to determine the effects of heavy metals on the photosynthetic blue-green algae for their potential to use as a biosensor. The bioaccumulation of metals and its effects on pigments of Nostoc muscorum and Synechococcus PCC 7942 were assessed. The culture was grown in BG 11 liquid medium supplied with different metals like mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) and incubated (µM 20 concentrations) for 10 days under optimal conditions. The accumulated amounts of metals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The stress effects on photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a (Chl a) were monitored by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Bio-concentration factor (BCF) reached a peak in cells on the 2nd day of incubation followed by a gradual reduction. The highest reduction in the pigment concentrations (Chl a and β carotene) was observed at 20?µM?L?1 Hg treatment. The results indicate that, cyanobacteria may serve as both potential species to be used as a biosensor and used to clean up heavy metals from contaminated water. These changes were analyzed with the long-term goal of exploiting cyanobacterial cells as biosensors. 相似文献