环境空气中丙烯酸乙酯的气相色谱法测定

建立了环境空气中丙烯酸乙酯的TenaxGC吸附 -热解吸气相色谱测定方法。方法回收率为 87 3%～1 0 7 1 % ,变异系数为 5 3%～ 7 2 %。当采样体积为 2L时 ,检测限为 0 0 2mg/m3,具有采样时间短 ,不用任何溶剂等特点。     

星形大分子液晶在气相色谱分析中的应用研究

将首次合成的偶氮苯硅氧烷类星形液晶大分子化合物用于毛细管柱气相色谱固定液 ,在其相转变温度附近具有良好的选择性 ,成功地分离了二甲酚异构体。     

污染物排放总量监测存在问题和对策

指出了目前总量监测中存在问题,如技术规范不够完善、监测能力和人员素质难以满足变化的生产工况、企业的配合不到位以及环评预测总量与实际情况出入太大,且不合理等。提出,应尽快制定和完善相关监测技术规范;加强在线监测监控体系的建设;加强监测人员自身专业素质的建设,以提高总量监测质量,更好地为环境管理服务。     

Mussel isotope signature as indicator of nutrient pollution in a freshwater eutrophic lake: species, spatial, and seasonal variability

Stable nitrogen isotope ratios of five mussel species from littoral and pelagic areas were investigated with different trophic states in the eutrophic Lake Taihu, the third largest lake in China. Interpopulation variability for these mussels was relatively small in foot tissues because of the slow turnover time. Seasonal and spatial variations among the δ ¹⁵N values of mussels might be due in part to the natural variation in δ ¹⁵N values of potential food sources and the variation in the amount of human pollutions discharged into various locations of the lake. Although the increase of mussel δ ¹⁵N values was accompanied by the increase of nutrient concentrations in most situations in this study, statistically significant correlations were only 22% of the total correlations in this survey, which might be attributed to the different time-scale variations in nutrient concentrations and isotope signatures and the unknown details of the trophic pathways and metabolism for incorporation of these nutrients.     

Evaluation of nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate on nitrogen leaching in undisturbed soil columns

The application of nitrogen fertilizers leads to various ecological problems such as nitrate leaching. The use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) as nitrate leaching retardants is a proposal that has been suggested for inclusion in regulations in many countries. In this study, the efficacy of the new NI, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP), was tested under simulated high-risk leaching situations in two types of undisturbed soil columns. The results showed that the accumulative leaching losses of soil nitrate under treatment of urea with 1.0% DMPP, from columns of silt loam soil and heavy clay soil, were 66.8% and 69.5% lower than those soil columns tested with regular urea application within the 60 days observation, respectively. However, the losses of ammonium leaching were reversely increased 9.7% and 6.7% under the former treatment than the latter one. Application of regular urea with 1.0% DMPP addition can reduce about 59.3%-63.1% of total losses of inorganic nitrogen via leaching. The application of DMPP to urea had stimulated the inhibition effects of DMPP on the ammonium nitrification process in the soil up to 60 days. It is proposed that the DMPP could be used as an effective NI to control inorganic N leaching losses, minimizing the risk of nitrate pollution in shallow groundwater.     

In situ studies on the distribution patterns and dynamics of microcystins in a biomanipulation fish--bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis)

The distribution and dynamics of microcystins in various organs of the phytoplanktivorous bighead carp were studied monthly in Lake Taihu, which is dominated by toxic cyanobacteria. There was a good agreement between LC-MS and HPLC-UV determinations. Average recoveries of spiked fish samples were 63% for MC-RR and 71% for MC-LR. The highest MC contents in intestine, liver, kidney and spleen were 85.67, 2.83, 1.70 and 1.57 microg g-1 DW, respectively. MCs were much higher in mid-gut walls (1.22 microg g-1 DW) than in hind- and fore-gut walls (0.31 and 0.18 microg g-1 DW, respectively), suggesting the importance of mid-gut wall as major site for MC absorption. A cysteine conjugate of MC-LR was detected frequently in kidney. Among the muscle samples analyzed, 25% were above the provisional tolerable daily intake level by WHO. Bighead is strongly resistant to microcystins and can be used as biomanipulation fish to counteract cyanotoxin contamination in eutrophic waters.     

A full-scale sequencing batch reactor system for swine wastewater treatment

A full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system was evaluated for its ability to remove carbon and nitrogen from swine wastewater. The SBR was operated on four, six-hour cycles each day, with each cycle consisting of 4.5 hours of "React," 0.75 hours of "Settling", 0.75 hours for "Draw" and "Fill." Within each cycle, an amount of wastewater equivalent to about 5% of the reactor volume (5,500 litres) was removed and added. The SBR system was able to remove 82% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and more than 75% of nitrogen. Even though the SBR effluent, with an average effluent BOD5 of about 588 mg L(-1), did not meet the discharge criteria, it enabled a reduction of the land base required for land application of swine wastewater by about 75%. Results indicated that the SBR system was a viable method for the treatment of swine wastewater.     

2007年11-12月国内环境事件

简要统计了2007年11-12月国内发生的各种环境事件47起,包括沙尘天气2起,污染事件15起,地震22起,山体滑坡和泥石流6起,以及旱灾2起.对自然灾害进行了讨论.     

吸收液pH值对锌合金白烟处理效果的影响

为了治理同时含有气态和粒状污染物的锌合金白烟,采用填料塔对其进行洗涤和吸收,考察了吸收液的pH值以及喷淋密度对锌合金白烟处理效果的影响,并根据碱洗和酸洗的特点,考察了碱酸两级处理的效果.结果显示,吸收液的喷淋密度与氯化铵烟尘、氯化氢和氨的处理效率成正比.吸收液的pH值也会影响白烟的处理效果,主要是通过吸收液与污染物之间的化学反应来进行,碱洗时氯化铵烟尘和氯化氢获得了较高的处理效率,但碱洗过程有氨生成,限制其应用;酸洗对氨的处理效率较高,但氯化铵烟尘和氯化氢的处理效率都比较低,达不到国家排放标准.尽管对锌白烟的处理效果还不理想,但试验结果对于锌白烟的治理具有重要的参考价值和指导意义.     

用海泡石处理采油废水

用海泡石吸附法处理采油废水,考察了处理时间、海泡石加入量和采油废水pH对采油废水COD去除率的影响,并通过正交实验优化了采油废水处理工艺条件。通过正交实验得到的采油废水处理最佳工艺条件为：处理时间6h,粒径为150μm的海泡石加入量200g／L,采油废水pH9。在该条件下处理采油废水,COD去除率达到91％,处理后出水的COD为34．71mg／L,小于GB8978-1996（（污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准（60mg／L）。