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121.
Koji Yachiguchi Noriko Matsumoto Yuki Haga Motoharu Suzuki Chisato Matsumura Masahiro Tsurukawa Toshihiro Okuno Takeshi Nakano Kimi Kawabe Kei-ichiro Kitamura Akira Toriba Kazuichi Hayakawa Vishwajit S. Chowdhury Masato Endo Atsuhiko Chiba Toshio Sekiguchi Masaki Nakano Yoshiaki Tabuchi Takashi Kondo Shigehito Wada Hiroyuki Mishima Atsuhiko Hattori Nobuo Suzuki 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6365-6372
To analyze the effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 118 on fish bone metabolism, we examined osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, as well as plasma calcium levels, in the scales of PCB (118)-injected goldfish. In addition, effect of PCB (118) on osteoclasts and osteoblasts was investigated in vitro. Immature goldfish, in which the endogenous effects of sex steroids are negligible, were used. PCB (118) was solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 10 ppm. At 1 and 2 days after PCB (118) injection (100 ng/g body weight), both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, and plasma calcium levels were measured. In an in vitro study, then, both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities as well as each marker mRNA expression were examined. At 2 days, scale osteoclastic activity in PCB (118)-injected goldfish increased significantly, while osteoblastic activity did not change significantly. Corresponding to osteoclastic activity, plasma calcium levels increased significantly at 2 days after PCB (118) administration. Osteoclastic activation also occurred in the marker enzyme activities and mRNA expressions in vitro. Thus, we conclude that PCB (118) disrupts bone metabolism in goldfish both in vivo and in vitro experiments. 相似文献
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A game model for dominance relations among group-living animals 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We present here an attempt to understand behaviors of dominant individuals and of subordinate individuals as behavior strategies
in an asymmetric “hawk-dove” game. We assume that contestants have perfect information about relative fighting ability and
the value of the resource. Any type of asymmetry, both relevant to and irrelevant to the fighting ability, can be considered.
It is concluded that evolutionarily stable strategies (ESSs) depend on the resource value (V), the cost of injury (D), and the probability that the individual in one role will win (x). Different ESSs can exist even when values of V, D, and x are the same. The characteristics of dominance relations detected by observers may result from the ESSs that the individuals
are adopting. The model explains some characteristics of dominance relations, for example, the consistent outcome of contests,
the rare occurrence of escalated fights, and the discrepancy between resource holding potential (RHP) and dominance relations,
from the viewpoint of individual selection.
Received: 7 May 1997 / Accepted after revision: 17 October 1997 相似文献
124.
With large quantity of flux (Na2CO3), lead can be recovered from the funnel glass of waste cathode-ray tubes via reduction–melting at 1000 °C. To reduce flux cost, a technique to recover added flux from the generated oxide phase is also important in order to recycle the flux recovered from the reduction–melting process. In this study, the phase separation of sodium and the crystallization of water-soluble sodium silicates were induced after the reduction–melting process to enhance the leachability of sodium in the oxide phase and to extract the sodium from the phase for the recovery of Na2CO3 as flux. A reductive atmosphere promoted the phase separation and crystallization, and the leachability of sodium from the oxide phase was enhanced. The optimum temperature and treatment time for increasing the leachability were 700 °C and 2 h, respectively. After treatment, more than 90% of the sodium in the oxide phase was extracted in water. NaHCO3 can be recovered by carbonization of the solution containing sodium ions using carbon dioxide gas, decomposed to Na2CO3 at 50 °C and recycled for use in the reduction–melting process. 相似文献
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BAI Yu-bo SHI Guang-yu Koichi Tamur Takashi Shibat YasunobuIwasak Kaneta Shin''ichi Takamura Tamio 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2000,12(4):439-443
In order to obtain some aerosol properties in Tibetan Plateau atmosphere, simultaneous measurements of aerosols by use of a sunphotometer and an aureolementer were performed in the summer of 1998 in Lhasa(29.65°N, 91.13°E). Optical depth, volume size distribution and phase-function of aerosols were obtained from the measurements. Religious activities can have an effect on optical depth in Lhasa. The daily average aerosol optical depth(λ相似文献
128.
The amounts of enzyme proteins of peroxisomal β-oxidation in fibroblasts and chorionic villous cells from infants with Zellweger syndrome and in fibroblasts, amniocytes, and chorionic villi from healthy controls were measured by immunoblot analysis. Immunoreactive proteins of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase were absent in fibroblasts and chorionic villous cells from the patients, yet these enzyme proteins were present in fibroblasts, cultured amniocytes, and chorionic villi from the normal controls. These results show that immunoblot analysis of peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes in amniocytes and chorionic villous cells is of potential value for the prenatal detection of Zellweger syndrome. 相似文献
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