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Arsenic was detected at concentrations exceeding the regulatory limit of 0.010 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in an off-site bedrock monitoring well downgradient of a former electroplating facility in Merrimack, New Hampshire. The bedrock underlying the site is associated with naturally occurring high concentrations of groundwater arsenic. Geochemical modeling was used to evaluate whether the arsenic in bedrock groundwater at the off-site monitoring location was site-related or naturally occurring. The hydrogeochemical signature of the off-site bedrock well did not resemble signatures of site-impacted bedrock wells. Multiple lines of evidence support that the arsenic observed in off-site bedrock groundwater was not a result of adverse impacts from site-related groundwater contamination. 相似文献
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Lance A. Waller Brett J. Goodwin Mark L. Wilson Richard S. Ostfeld Stacie L. Marshall Edward B. Hayes 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2007,14(1):83-100
We present an exploratory analysis of reported county-specific incidence of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States
for the years 1990–2000. We briefly review the disease ecology of Lyme disease and the use of risk maps to describe local
incidence as estimates of local risk of disease. We place the relevant elements of local environmental and ecological variables,
local disease incidence, and (importantly) local disease reporting in a conceptual context to frame our analysis. We then
apply hierarchical linear models of increasing complexity to summarize observed patterns in reported incidence, borrowing
information across counties to improve local precision. We find areas of increasing incidence in the central northeastern
Atlantic coast counties, increasing incidence branching to the north and west, and an area of fairly stable and slightly decreasing
reported incidence in western New York. 相似文献
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36.
Wayland J. Hayes Jr. 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):1005-1021
Abstract Factors are discussed that may limit injury from pesticides whether the victims are exposed occupationally, through other intentional uses, or simply accidently. Emphasis is placed on choice of methods fitted to the problems revealed by dependable vital statistics for each country. In general, good labeling of pesticides is the most important single factor in their safe use. Regulation of use combining agricultural advice to the farmer with surveillance of his practices in the handling of pesticides often is the best way to minimize occupational poisoning and restrict residues on crops brought to market. To be successful, these and other aspects of education must be directed toward the improvement of human health. International organizations may be the best source of practical solutions simply because of the range of their experience. 相似文献
37.
Verónica Quirici Sylvain Faugeron Loren D. Hayes Luis A. Ebensperger 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):787-798
In social or group living species, members of groups are expected to be affected differentially by competition through the
effect of group size (i.e., the “social competition hypothesis”). This hypothesis predicts an increase in the probability
of dispersal with increasing size of social groups. At a more mechanistic level and based on the known effects of competition
on stress hormone levels, a positive relationship between group size and glucocorticoids of juveniles should be observed.
We used a demographic approach to test these predictions on a natural population of the communally rearing and semifossorial
rodent—Octodon degus. Burrow systems provide degus with places to rear offspring and to evade stressful thermal conditions and predators. Thus,
we predicted dispersal to increase with increasing number of degus per main burrow system used, a measure of habitat saturation
in degus. The probability of dispersal increased with increasing number of degus per main burrow system used. Mean fecal metabolites
of cortisol in offspring increased, yet not statistically significantly, with the number of juveniles in groups. These results
were consistent with a scenario in which competition drives natal dispersal in juveniles in social degus. In particular, competition
would be the consequence of high degu abundance in relation to the abundance of burrow systems available at the time of offspring
emergence. 相似文献
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The silver nitrate/fluorescein mercuric acetate fluorimetric method for the measurement of atmospheric hydrogen sulfide has been adapted to passive sampling. Standard samplers have been tested and used in both indoor and outdoor environments. Sampler performance was not dependent on construction materials or sunlight intensity and gave similar results to active sampling. Two case studies were carried out, one in the Horniman Museum and its associated storage and study building, London, UK, and the other in the vicinity of a pulp and paper mill and geothermal area North Island, New Zealand. The detection limit of the samplers (50 ppt average for a one-week exposure) provides the opportunity to make measurements in a variety of locations provided exposure times are sufficiently long, i.e., up to one month in areas of low hydrogen sulfide concentration. 相似文献
40.
Neal Fann Christopher G. Nolte Patrick Dolwick Tanya L. Spero Amanda Curry Brown Sharon Phillips 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):570-580
In this United States-focused analysis we use outputs from two general circulation models (GCMs) driven by different greenhouse gas forcing scenarios as inputs to regional climate and chemical transport models to investigate potential changes in near-term U.S. air quality due to climate change. We conduct multiyear simulations to account for interannual variability and characterize the near-term influence of a changing climate on tropospheric ozone-related health impacts near the year 2030, which is a policy-relevant time frame that is subject to fewer uncertainties than other approaches employed in the literature. We adopt a 2030 emissions inventory that accounts for fully implementing anthropogenic emissions controls required by federal, state, and/or local policies, which is projected to strongly influence future ozone levels. We quantify a comprehensive suite of ozone-related mortality and morbidity impacts including emergency department visits, hospital admissions, acute respiratory symptoms, and lost school days, and estimate the economic value of these impacts. Both GCMs project average daily maximum temperature to increase by 1–4°C and 1–5 ppb increases in daily 8-hr maximum ozone at 2030, though each climate scenario produces ozone levels that vary greatly over space and time. We estimate tens to thousands of additional ozone-related premature deaths and illnesses per year for these two scenarios and calculate an economic burden of these health outcomes of hundreds of millions to tens of billions of U.S. dollars (2010$).Implications:?Near-term changes to the climate have the potential to greatly affect ground-level ozone. Using a 2030 emission inventory with regional climate fields downscaled from two general circulation models, we project mean temperature increases of 1 to 4°C and climate-driven mean daily 8-hr maximum ozone increases of 1–5 ppb, though each climate scenario produces ozone levels that vary significantly over space and time. These increased ozone levels are estimated to result in tens to thousands of ozone-related premature deaths and illnesses per year and an economic burden of hundreds of millions to tens of billions of U.S. dollars (2010$). 相似文献