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101.
Chitosan-supported palladium catalyst. IV. Influence of temperature on nitrophenol degradation and thermodynamic parameters 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan was loaded with palladium and then reduced using an in situ hydrogen generation procedure (Zn in sulfuric acid solution) to prepare a chitosan-supported palladium catalyst. This catalyst was successfully used to degrade nitrophenol in dilute solutions in the presence of sodium formate as the hydrogen donor. The influence of the initial concentration of nitrophenol and sodium formate was studied in order to determine the minimum molar ratio between these compounds required to achieve complete conversion of the nitrogenous product at two temperatures. Increasing the temperature decreased the excess of hydrogen donor required for complete conversion of nitrophenol. The temperature was also varied between 10 and 60 degrees C in order to determine the activation energy. The pseudo first-order equation was shown to fit degradation kinetics in most cases; however, for some cases it was necessary to use a variable-order equation to model the kinetics. 相似文献
102.
Salvatore Collura Bruno Azambre Gisèle Finqueneisel Thierry Zimny Jean Victor Weber 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2006,4(2):75-78
In this paper we present, for the first time, data on the combustion of Miscanthus × Giganteus straw and pellets. We found that the heating value of Miscanthus is 17.744 MJ/kg. The gaseous emission indices of SO2, NO
x
and total organic carbon (TOC) in the exhaust are reported and compared with the European standards for biomass boilers. On the basis of our results, it is possible to evaluate a net energy yield between 152 and 326 MJ/hectare/year for the cultivation of Miscanthus with an energy balance estimated to be in the range of 7.7–15.4. According to the presented results, it seems reasonable to consider Miscanthus as a promising candidate as alternative fuel. 相似文献
103.
104.
Celeiro Maria Facorro Rocio Dagnac Thierry Vilar Vítor J. P. Llompart Maria 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(23):19181-19193
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The photodegradation behaviour for nine widespread fungicides (benalaxyl, cyprodinil, dimethomorph, fenhexamide, iprovalicarb, kresoxim-methyl,... 相似文献
105.
Michelle Ward Jonathan R. Rhodes James E.M. Watson James Lefevre Scott Atkinson Hugh P. Possingham 《Conservation biology》2020,34(3):600-610
Conservation efforts often focus on umbrella species whose distributions overlap with many other flora and fauna. However, because biodiversity is affected by different threats that are spatially variable, focusing only on the geographic range overlap of species may not be sufficient in allocating the necessary actions needed to efficiently abate threats. We developed a problem-based method for prioritizing conservation actions for umbrella species that maximizes the total number of flora and fauna benefiting from management while considering threats, actions, and costs. We tested our new method by assessing the performance of the Australian federal government's umbrella prioritization list, which identifies 73 umbrella species as priorities for conservation attention. Our results show that the federal government priority list benefits only 6% of all Australia's threatened terrestrial species. This could be increased to benefit nearly half (or 46%) of all threatened terrestrial species for the same budget of AU$550 million/year if more suitable umbrella species were chosen. This results in a 7-fold increase in management efficiency. We believe nations around the world can markedly improve the selection of prioritized umbrella species for conservation action with this transparent, quantitative, and objective prioritization approach. 相似文献
106.
The harmful effect of manmade particles on natural processes and human health is documented by a large number of studies showing a positive correlation between particulate matter (PM) concentration and health effects. Diminution of this health risk necessitates among others the precise knowledge of the particle sources, their physical and chemical properties and their dissemination in the environment. Pb isotope ratios have been successfully used during the past decades as tracers of anthropogenic Pb disseminated in the biosphere. Here we show that tree bark biomonitoring with lead (Pb), strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotope ratios as tracers allow a thorough analysis of the impacts of industrial and other anthropogenic emissions on the urban environment. This is the first comprehensive multi-isotope tracer study of atmospheric pollution in an urban environment allowing to identify and to integrate the different plume paths of emissions in a digital map system. This innovative approach might become an important tool for environmental management and policy-making processes dealing especially with risks and surveillance of air quality in the urban environment. 相似文献
107.
Vona Méléder Jacques Populus Brigitte Guillaumont Thierry Perrot Pascal Mouquet 《Marine Biology》2010,157(7):1525-1541
Predictive modelling to map subtidal communities is an alternative to “traditional” methods, such as direct sampling, remote
sensing and acoustic survey, which are neither time- nor cost-effective for vast expanses. The principle of this modelling
is the use of a combination of environmental key parameters to produce rules to understand species distribution and hence
generate predictive maps. This study focuses on subtidal kelp forests (KF) on the coast of Brittany, France. The most significant
key parameters to predict KF frequency are (1) the nature of the substrate, (2) depth, (3) water transparency, (4) water surface
temperature and (5) hydrodynamics associated with the flexibility of algae in a flow. All these parameters are integrated
in a spatial model, built using a Geographical Information System. This model results in a KF frequency map, where sites with
optimum key parameters show a deeper limit of disappearance. After validation, the model is used in the context of Climate
Change to estimate the effect of environmental variation on this depth limit of KF. Thus, the effects of both an increase
in water temperature and a decrease in its transparency could lead to the complete disappearance of KF. 相似文献
108.
Male competition for mates and female mate choice are key mechanisms involved in sexual selection. Surprisingly, these mechanisms
have often been investigated separately although they appear to interact in many species. Male–male competition for territories
located at the best places or to establish dominance relationships often explain mating patterns. Such male behaviours may
affect and sometimes even hinder female mate choice, as in the case of sexual coercion. While in many species females are
able to exert cryptic control over paternity (i.e. a process allowing females to bias offspring production toward certain
males after intromission), in other species external fertilisation prevents females from doing so. This is the case in the
waterfrog hybridisation complex where the hybrid Pelophylax esculentus can only produce viable offspring by pairing with the parental species Pelophylax lessonae (hybridogenetic reproduction). We examined two potential processes that could enhance such mating combinations. Firstly,
by monitoring male spatial distribution within six choruses, we showed that the proportion of P. lessonae males located at the edge (in the best position to grasp females arriving at the chorus) cannot explain the frequency of
mating combinations observed. Secondly, an experimental approach emphasised a new way for anuran females to favour paternity
of a particular male in a sexual coercion context. When females are forcefully paired with an incompatible male, they cannot
remove the male grasped on their back by themselves. Nevertheless, by controlling the movement of the pair within the chorus,
these females often change mates by enhancing male competition instead of laying eggs. In many species with externally fertilised
eggs, it may be thus necessary to take into account this new possibility for females to control offspring paternity. 相似文献
109.
110.
This article describes the application of in-situ bioremediation for the treatment of an aquifer contaminated with 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA). The first step in the process was to properly delineate the contamination and to contain the contaminated groundwater using a pumping well. The second step was to isolate in the groundwater microorganisms able to degrade DCA and to demonstrate the possibility of increasing their efficiency by injecting in-situ nutrients and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. In the third step, after the characterization of the hydrogeology of the aquifer with tracing experiments, the in-situ bioremediation of the groundwater was conducted. The analyses show that 95 percent of DCA was destroyed by this treatment, leading to a DCA concentration around the pumping well of about 0.2 mg/l. 相似文献