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211.
Sabine Grundmann Ulrike Dörfler Bernhard Ruth Christine Loos Tobias Wagner Heidrun Karl Jean Charles Munch Reiner Schroll 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(2):177-185
A recently designed two-chamber-lysimeter-test-system allows the detailed investigation of degradation, transport and transfer
processes of 14C-labeled substances in soil–plant–atmosphere-systems under outdoor conditions. With this test system it is feasible to distinguish
between 14C-emissions from soil surfaces and 14C-emissions from plant surfaces in soil monoliths under real environmental conditions. Special soil humidity sensors allow
the measurement of soil water content near to the soil surface, in 1 and 5 cm depth. The behavior of organic chemicals can
be followed for a whole vegetation period and a mass balance for the applied chemical can be established. Some selected results
of the herbicides isoproturon and glyphosate – using the two-chamber-lysimeter-test-system – are presented to demonstrate
its applicability for the identification and quantification of the processes that govern pesticide behavior in soil–plant-systems.
Mineralization of 14C-isoproturon was very different in four different soils; the mineralization capacity of the soils ranged from 2 to 60%. Leaching
of isoproturon in general was very low, but depending on the soil type and environmental conditions isoproturon and its metabolites
could be leached via preferential flow, especially shortly after application. For the herbicide 14C-glyphosate no accumulation of residues in the soil and no leaching of the residues to deeper soil layers could be observed
after three applications. Glyphosate was rapidly degraded to AMPA in the soil. Glyphosate and AMPA were accumulated in soy
bean nodules. 相似文献
212.
Magnus Rydén Erik Cleverstam Anders Lyngfelt Tobias Mattisson 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(6):693-703
Fe2O3-containing waste materials from the steel industry are proposed as oxygen carrier for chemical-looping combustion. Three such materials, red iron oxide, brown iron oxide and iron oxide scales, have been examined by oxidation and reduction experiments in a batch fluidized-bed reactor at temperatures between 800 and 950 °C. NiO-based particles have been used as additive, in order to examine if it is possible to utilize the catalytic properties of metallic Ni to facilitate decomposition of hydrocarbons into more reactive combustion intermediates such as CO and H2. The experiments indicated modest reactivity between the waste materials and CH4, which was used as reducing gas. Adding small amounts of NiO-based particles to the sample increased the yield of CO2 in a standard experiment, typically by a factor of 1.5–3.5. The fraction of unconverted fuel typically was reduced by 70–90%. The conversion of CH4 to CO2 was 94% at best, corresponding to a combustion efficiency of 96%. This was achieved using a bed mass corresponding to 57 kg oxygen carrier per MW fuel, of which only 5 wt% was NiO-based synthetic particles. The different materials fared differently well during the experiments. Red iron oxide was fairly stable, while brown iron oxide was soft and subject to considerable erosion. Iron oxide scales experienced increased reactivity and porosity as function of the numbers of reduction cycles. 相似文献
213.
Hartmut Koehler Tobias Frische Ingo Dobner Peter Behrend Maike Schaefer Heidi Taubner Bernd Jastorff Jürgen Warrelmann Ulrich Walter 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2001,13(5):291-300
Results of a field experiment (please refer to Warrelmann et al. 2000a) document TNT-degradation and regeneration after the establishment of a phytoremediation. Various approaches are included in a complex monitoring system, which are conducted in the field (nitroaromatics in soil, seepage water, and plants; soil fauna; soil fungi; decomposition) as well as in the lab (a battery of 6 biotests). The data document a high heterogeneity of the TNT-contamination, a rapid initial decrease and a mediocre displacement of nitroaromatics in plants and seepage water. The initial rapid transformation of TNT to aminodinitrotoluenes ceases significantly after 3 months. Results of the biotest battery allow a sophisticated assessment of soil toxicity; the results from the soil ecological field investigations make the long-term effects of TNT-contamination likely. In a third part of the series of articles, a synopsis and judgement of the project will be delivered. 相似文献
214.
215.
Laddaporn Ruangpan Zoran Vojinovic Jasna Plavi Dong-Jiing Doong Tobias Bahlmann Alida Alves Leng-Hsuan Tseng Anja Randelovi Andrijana Todorovi Zvonimir Kocic Vladimir Beljinac Meng-Hsuan Wu Wei-Cheng Lo Blanca Perez-Lapea Mrio J. Franca 《Ambio》2021,50(8):1514
Hydro-meteorological risks are a growing issue for societies, economies and environments around the world. An effective, sustainable response to such risks and their future uncertainty requires a paradigm shift in our research and practical efforts. In this respect, Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) offer the potential to achieve a more effective and flexible response to hydro-meteorological risks while also enhancing human well-being and biodiversity. The present paper describes a new methodology that incorporates stakeholders’ preferences into a multi-criteria analysis framework, as part of a tool for selecting risk mitigation measures. The methodology has been applied to Tamnava river basin in Serbia and Nangang river basin in Taiwan within the EC-funded RECONECT project. The results highlight the importance of involving stakeholders in the early stages of projects in order to achieve successful implementation of NBSs. The methodology can assist decision-makers in formulating desirable benefits and co-benefits and can enable a systematic and transparent NBSs planning process.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01419-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
216.
Schneider Tobias Musa Bandowe Benjamin A. Bigalke Moritz Mestrot Adrien Hampel Henrietta Mosquera Pablo V. Fränkl Lea Wienhues Giulia Vogel Hendrik Tylmann Wojciech Grosjean Martin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):16227-16243
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Historical records of trace elements in lake sediments provide source-to-sink information about potentially toxic pollutants across space and time. We... 相似文献
217.
Tobias Lindborg Lars Brydsten Gustav Sohlenius Mårten Strömgren Eva Andersson Anders Löfgren 《Ambio》2013,42(4):402-413
Understanding how long-term abiotic and biotic processes are linked at a landscape level is of major interest for analyzing future impact on humans and the environment from present-day societal planning. This article uses results derived from multidisciplinary work at a coastal site in Sweden, with the aim of describing future landscape development. First, based on current and historical data, we identified climate change, shoreline displacement, and accumulation/erosion processes as the main drivers of landscape development. Second, site-specific information was combined with data from the Scandinavian region to build models that describe how the identified processes may affect the site development through time. Finally, the process models were combined to describe a whole interglacial period. With this article, we show how the landscape and ecosystem boundaries are affected by changing permafrost conditions, peat formation, sedimentation, human land use, and shoreline displacement. 相似文献
218.
219.
Brack W Kind T Schrader S Möder M Schüürmann G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,121(1):81-85
Bitterfeld (Germany) was a major site of chemical production in the former German Democratic Republic with chloralkali electrolysis as the basic process. Effluents were dumped via the creek Spittelwasser into the rivers Mulde and Elbe. Despite the fact that the chloralkali industry is known as a possible source of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), to date no data about PCN pollution in the region of Bitterfeld and downstream regions are available. Therefore, sediments of the creek Spittelwasser were isomer-specifically analysed for penta-, hexa- and heptachlorinated naphthalenes using GC/MS. Concentrations of 880, 543 and 1120 ng/g dry weight were found, respectively. The isomer pattern suggests chloralkali industry as the major source of PCN contamination. Because of their toxicological relevance we suggest to include PCNs into monitoring and risk assessment programs of the rivers Mulde and Elbe downstream of Bitterfeld. 相似文献
220.