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881.
Transportation noise and exposed population of an urban area in the Republic of Korea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using noise prediction models, we explored the transportation noise levels of Youngdeungpo-gu, an urbanized area of Seoul Metropolitan City in the Republic of Korea. In addition, we estimated the population exposed to transportation noise levels and determined how many people are vulnerable to noise levels that would cause serious annoyance and sleep disturbance. Compared with the World Health Organization [WHO] recommended levels, the daytime and nighttime transportation noise levels were still high enough to have the two psychosocial effects on people when considering the recommended levels of the World Health Organization (WHO; 55 decibels [dB[A]] and 40 dB[A] for daytime and nighttime, respectively). Particularly, nighttime transportation noise was discovered to be harmful to a wider area and more people than daytime noise. Approximately 91% of the Youngdeungpo-gu area experienced nighttime transportation noise levels exceeding those recommended by WHO. It was estimated that as much as 80% of the people in the study area were exposed to transportation noise levels >40 dB[A] during nighttime. Taking this into account, there is an urgent need to control and reduce transportation noise levels in Seoul, to protect residents against the potential ill health effects caused by urban transportation. 相似文献
882.
883.
Kim JW Isobe T Ramaswamy BR Chang KH Amano A Miller TM Siringan FP Tanabe S 《Chemosphere》2011,82(5):751-758
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is grafted on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by using N2 plasma technique. The MMA grafted MWCNTs (MWCNT-g-pMMA) are characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), and potentiometric acid-base titration method. The application of MWCNT-g-pMMA in the removal of 4,4′-dichlorinated biphenyl (4,4′-DCB) from large volumes of aqueous solutions is investigated under ambient conditions. The results indicate that the adsorption of 4,4′-DCB on MWCNT-g-pMMA is much higher than that of 4,4′-DCB on MWCNTs, and the adsorbed 4,4′-DCB is difficult to be thermally decomposed from MWCNT-g-pMMA according to the TGA-DTA analysis. MWCNT-g-pMMA are suitable materials in the preconcentration and immobilization of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from large volumes of aqueous solutions in environmental pollution cleanup. 相似文献
884.
Temporal atmospheric temperature changes during summers at sub-Arctic sites often cause periodic fluctuations in shallow landfarm and surface soil temperatures. However, little information is available on the effect of site-relevant variations on biodegradation performance in cold climates. This study compares the rate and extents of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons at variable site temperatures (1-10 °C) representative of summers at a sub-Arctic site reported previously with those obtained under a constant average temperature of 6 °C. The biodegradation was evaluated in pilot-scale landfarming experiments with field-aged petroleum-contaminated soils shipped from Resolution Island (61°30′N, 65°00′W), Nunavut, Canada. Under the variable site temperature conditions biodegradation rate constants of semi- (F2) and non-volatile (F3) hydrocarbon fractions were enhanced by over a factor of two during the 60-d experiment, compared to the constant temperature mode. The decrease in total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) under the variable site temperature mode was 55% compared to only 19% under the constant average temperature mode. The enhanced biodegradation is attributable to the non-linear acceleration of microbial activity between 4.7 and 10 °C and faster growth of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading microbial populations. The first-order biodegradation rate constants of 0.018, 0.024 and 0.016 d−1 for TPH, F2 and F3 fractions at the variable site temperature were in agreement with those determined by an on-site experiment at the same site. 相似文献
885.
In this study, we examined the experimental catalytic oxidation of gaseous monochlorobenzene (MCBz) with O3 over Fe2O3 in a packed bed reactor to investigate the feasibility of economical low temperature decomposition at a high space velocity (SV). We investigated the effects of several reaction parameters (temperature, O3 concentration, and SV) on the MCBz oxidation. At 150 °C, the conversion of MCBz over Fe2O3 in the absence of O3 was only 3%; it increased to 91% over Fe2O3 in the presence of 1200 ppm of O3 at a high SV of 83 s−1. A long-term operation study revealed that the conversion of MCBz was stable for more than 96 h. In the steady state, the carbon and chlorine balances were 88% and 86%, respectively. Applying a Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, we estimated an activation energy of 16.7 kJ mol−1 for MCBz oxidation over Fe2O3 in the presence of O3. 相似文献
886.
Mirnader Ghazali Edward McBean Hua Shen William Anderson Paul‐André Dastous 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2010,20(4):119-132
Soil contaminated with persistent pesticides, such as DDT, poses a serious risk to humans and to wildlife. A surfactant‐aided soil‐washing technique was studied as an alternative method for remediation of DDT‐contaminated soil. An ex situ soil washing method was investigated using nonionic and anionic surfactants due to the clayey structure of the contaminated soil. A mixture of 1 percent nonionic surfactant (Brij 35) and 1 percent anionic surfactant (SDBS) removed more than 50 percent of DDT from soil in a flow‐through system, whereas individual surfactants or other combinations of the surfactants had a lower removal efficiency. The soil‐washing technique was improved using a mixing system. The mixture of surfactants was optimized in the mixing system, and the combination of 2 percent Brij 35 and 0.1 percent SDBS was found to be optimum, removing 70 to 80 percent of DDT. Prewashing of the soil with tap water decreased the adsorption of surfactants to soil particles by 30 to 40 percent, and postwashing recovered 90 percent of the surfactants. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
887.
Dylan Crouch Jay D. White Belinda Butler‐Veytia Robert Medler 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2010,21(1):137-151
Groundwater investigations conducted since 1988 at a Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) Voluntary Oversight and Assistance Program (VOAP) site located in Millington, Tennessee, have defined the lateral and vertical extent of site chemicals of concern (COCs) consisting of tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), and associated degradation products. Results of a groundwater remedial investigation determined that aquifer conditions were favorable for anaerobic degradation of COCs through reductive dechlorination. A subsequent groundwater feasibility study determined that monitored natural attenuation (MNA) coupled with long‐term groundwater monitoring was the most effective and suitable remedial option for the site. A Record of Decision was issued by the TDEC VOAP approving MNA and long‐term groundwater monitoring as the remedial option for the site, a first for such a site in Tennessee involving chlorinated organics. A groundwater fate and transport model (the 1998 model) developed during the RI was used as the basis for the MNA remedy. Analytical data from 1998 to 2008 indicate COCs in former high‐concentration areas continue to degrade at rates consistent with or ahead of the 1998 model predictions. Evidence of reductive dechlorination is also supported by the continued presence of breakdown products—specifically, vinyl chloride and ethene (terminal endpoint of PCE breakdown through reductive dechlorination). The continued detection of breakdown products along the flow‐path wells also confirms the effectiveness of the MNA remedy at the site. Current analytical data indicate that COC plumes beneath the site are not migrating and are actually retracting. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
888.
Bon-Jun Koo Andrew C. Chang Thomas C. Granato 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(8):2582-574
Organic acids present in the rhizosphere of growing plants are widely recognized to be responsible for dissolving the solid phase metals in the soil and making them available for plant absorption. We proposed a root exudates-based model to assess the long-term phytoavailability of metals in biosolids-amended soils. The phytoavailability of biosolids-borne metals was defined in terms of a capacity factor and an intensity factor. The plant available metal pool, C0 (capacity factor, mg kg−1), can be estimated by fitting the successive organic acids extraction data to an exponential decay kinetic equation. The field metal removal rate, k (intensity factor, yr−1), can be estimated from the successive extraction-based metal release rate through an effective annual organic acid production in the rhizosphere which was found to be characteristic of plant species. The protocol was successfully used to assess the long-term phytoavailability of metals in biosolids-amended soil from two biosolids land application sites. 相似文献
889.
Hao Chen Xiaosong Chang Ji-an Chen Yebin Guo Yao Tan 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(7):2459-2464
The spreading of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing thermotolerant coliforms (TC) in the water environment is a threat to human health but little is known about ESBL-producing TCs in the Yangtze River. We received 319 ESBL-producing stains obtained from the Chongqing basin and we investigated antibiotic susceptibility, bla gene types and the presence of integrons and gene cassettes. 16.8% of TC isolates were ESBL-producing bacteria and blaTEM+CTx-M was the predominant ESBL type. 65.2% of isolates contained class 1 integrons, but only 3 carried intI 2. Gene cassettes were amplified and sequenced. aadA, drfA, cmlA, sat1, aar3 and two ORF cassettes were found. In conclusion, Yangtze River is heavily polluted by ESBL-producing TC bacteria and the combined bla gene type could enhance antibiotic resistance. Class 1 integrons were widespread in ESBL-producing isolates and play an important role in multi-drug resistance. Characterization of gene cassettes could reveal the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. 相似文献
890.
Ming-Der Li Author Vitae Author Vitae Kai-Kuo Chang Author Vitae Author Vitae Ming-Chang Jeng Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2008,39(6):623-630