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21.
Few studies have considered whether plant taxa can be used as predictors of belowground faunal diversity in natural ecosystems. We examined soil mite (Acari) diversity beneath six grass species at the Konza Prairie Biological Station, Kansas, USA. We tested the hypotheses that soil mite species richness, abundance, and taxonomic diversity are greater (1) beneath grasses in dicultures (different species) compared to monocultures (same species), (2) beneath grasses of higher resource quality (lower C:N) compared to lower resource quality, and (3) beneath heterogeneous mixes of grasses (C3 and C4 grasses growing together) compared to homogeneous mixes (C3 or C4 grasses) using natural occurrences of plant species as treatments. This study is the first to examine the interaction between above- and belowground diversity in a natural setting with species-level resolution of a hyper-diverse taxon. Our results indicate that grasses in diculture supported a more species and phylogenetically rich soil mite fauna than was observed for monocultures and that this relationship was significant at depth but not in the upper soil horizon. We noted that mite species richness was not linearly related to grass species richness, which suggests that simple extrapolations of soil faunal diversity based on plant species inventories may underestimate the richness of associated soil mite communities. The distribution of mite size classes in dicultures was considerably different than those for monocultures. There was no difference in soil mite richness between grass combinations of differing resource quality, or resource heterogeneity. 相似文献
22.
Danz NP Niemi GJ Regal RR Hollenhorst T Johnson LB Hanowski JM Axler RP Ciborowski JJ Hrabik T Brady VJ Kelly JR Morrice JA Brazner JC Howe RW Johnston CA Host GE 《Environmental management》2007,39(5):631-647
Integrated, quantitative expressions of anthropogenic stress over large geographic regions can be valuable tools in environmental research and management. Despite the fundamental appeal of a regional approach, development of regional stress measures remains one of the most important current challenges in environmental science. Using publicly available, pre-existing spatial datasets, we developed a geographic information system database of 86 variables related to five classes of anthropogenic stress in the U.S. Great Lakes basin: agriculture, atmospheric deposition, human population, land cover, and point source pollution. The original variables were quantified by a variety of data types over a broad range of spatial and classification resolutions. We summarized the original data for 762 watershed-based units that comprise the U.S. portion of the basin and then used principal components analysis to develop overall stress measures within each stress category. We developed a cumulative stress index by combining the first principal component from each of the five stress categories. Maps of the stress measures illustrate strong spatial patterns across the basin, with the greatest amount of stress occurring on the western shore of Lake Michigan, southwest Lake Erie, and southeastern Lake Ontario. We found strong relationships between the stress measures and characteristics of bird communities, fish communities, and water chemistry measurements from the coastal region. The stress measures are taken to represent the major threats to coastal ecosystems in the U.S. Great Lakes. Such regional-scale efforts are critical for understanding relationships between human disturbance and ecosystem response, and can be used to guide environmental decision-making at both regional and local scales. 相似文献
23.
Oheneba-Dornyo Theresa Valerie Amuzu Setor Maccagnan Anna Taylor Timothy 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2022,27(3):473-489
Environmental Modeling & Assessment - Malaria has a significant impact on the lives of many in Ghana. It is one of the key causes of mortality and morbidity, resulting in 32.5% of outpatient... 相似文献
24.
Sleeping with a broken promise: The moderating role of generativity concerns in the relationship between psychological contract breach and insomnia among older workers 下载免费PDF全文
Patrick Raymund James M. Garcia Prashant Bordia Simon Lloyd D. Restubog Valerie Caines 《组织行为杂志》2018,39(3):326-338
This paper examines the relationship between psychological contract breach and insomnia among older workers (aged 40 years and up). Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory, we conceptualize breach as a stressful event characterized by a perceived threat, failure to gain, or actual loss of valued resources, which increases psychological distress and insomnia. Moreover, we hypothesized that older workers' generativity concerns would act as a personal resource that would buffer the negative impact of breach. We tested our proposed model in 2 studies (Study 1 = 123; Study 2 = 168) of employee–spouse dyads. Results revealed that psychological distress mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and insomnia. These mediated relationships were significant for those with low, but not for those with high levels of generativity concerns. These effects remained significant even after controlling for perceived organizational support (i.e., a social exchange mechanism). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
25.
Ajieh Mike U. Isagba Ebuwa S. Ihoeghian Newton Edosa Valerie I. O. Amenaghawon Andrew Oshoma Cyprian E. Erhunmwunse Nosakhare Obuekwe Ifeyinwa S. Tongo Isioma Emokaro Christopher Ezemonye Lawrence I. N. 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(9):13182-13199
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The use of wastes for biogas production has been restricted to few feedstock like cattle manure and food waste. Increasing the feedstock base for... 相似文献
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Valerie M. Thomas 《Sustainability Science》2011,6(1):109-116
Reuse is generally considered to have environmental benefits, but it has not yet been widely adopted in environmental policy
or strategy. In this paper, a simple model of second-hand markets is explored with a case study of used books that illustrates
the behavior of the model and shows that such a model is consistent with the data. Three questions of the dynamics of reuse
are addressed: (1) If it becomes easier to buy and sell used goods (via Internet markets or other means), by how much will
sales of used goods increase? (2) When sales of used goods increase, by how much will sales of new goods decrease? (3) When
is reuse better than recycling? Expanding from the case study, the model is used to examine how reuse affects the consumption
of new goods, and the relative merits of reuse versus recycling. When the used goods market is small, the ratio of the price
of used and new goods, an observable quantity, is approximately equal to the fractional decrease in sales of new goods that
will result from increased sales of used goods. A formulation of the environmental impact of reuse and recycling is developed
that includes the market impact of reuse. Illustrating this formulation for books with a simplified analysis, reuse of books
through sales in a second-hand market is estimated to save more than twice as much energy, with considerable uncertainty,
than making books from recycled paper. The formulation provides a basis for identifying products and markets for which reuse
can be an effective environmental strategy. 相似文献
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29.
Afef Dellai Dorra Dridi Valerie Lemorvan Jacques Robert Ameur Cherif Ridha Mosrati Hedi Ben Mansour 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5790-5796
The textile industry is a favor to the Tunisian economy by offering several job positions. However, it’s not environmentally friendly. In fact, textile industries discharge high volumes of wastewater which contain several toxic pollutants such as dyes, fixator, and whiteness. In our study, Pseudomonas peli, isolated and characterized from Oued Hamdoun (center of Tunisia), was found able to decolorize textile effluent about 81 % after 24 h shaking incubation. On the other hand, the in vitro antiproliferative effects of the untreated and treated effluent was evaluated by their potential cytotoxic activity using the MTT colorimetric method against three human cancer cell lines (A549, lung cell carcinoma; HT29, colon adenocarcinoma; and MCF7, breast adenocarcinoma). Results showed that intact textile effluent and its content azo dyes didn’t inhibit the proliferation of all tested cell lines. However, the cytotoxic effect was remarkable when we tested effluent obtained after treatment by P. peli in a dose-dependent manner. This activity was attributed to the presence, in our treated effluent, of some azo products of dyes which are responsible for inhibition of human cell lines proliferation. Thus, the use of this strain for testing on the industrial scale seems impossible and disadvantageous. 相似文献
30.
Monitoring of the ocean environment in southern California, USA, has been conducted by a diverse array of public and private organizations with different motivations, working on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. To create a basis from which to integrate information from these diverse programs, we conducted an inventory of ocean monitoring activities in the Southern California Bight to address the following questions: (1) How much money is being expended annually on marine monitoring programs? (2) Which organizations are conducting the most monitoring? (3) How are resources allocated among the different types of monitoring programs? This inventory focused on programs existing, or those expected to be in existence, for at least 10 years and that were active at any time between 1994 and 1997. For each program identified for inclusion in this study, information was collected on the number of sites, sampling intensity, parameters measured, and methods used. Levels of effort were translated into cost estimates based upon a market survey of local consulting firms. One hundred fourteen marine monitoring programs, conducted by 65 organizations and costing US $31 million annually, were identified. Most of the effort (81 programs, 65% of samples, 70% of costs) was expended by ocean dischargers as part of their compliance with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements. Federal programs (11 programs, 25% of samples, 10% of total expenditures) expended more than state or local government programs. More than one quarter of monitoring expenditures were conducted to measure concentrations and mass of effluent inputs to the ocean. The largest effort expended on receiving water monitoring was for measuring bacteria, followed by sediments, fish/shellfish, water quality, and intertidal habitats. The large level of expenditures by individual agencies has presented opportunities for integrating small, site-specific ocean monitoring programs into regional- and national-scale monitoring and assessment programs. 相似文献