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21.
Agricultural soil as a potential source of input of organochlorine pesticides into a nearby pond 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Miglioranza KS González Sagrario Mde L Aizpún de Moreno JE Moreno VJ Escalante AH Osterrieth ML 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(4):250-256
A study was conducted in the southeastern region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, to assess an agricultural soil as a potential source of organochlorine (OC) pesticides for the aquatic biota of a nearby pond. We analyzed gamma-HCH (lindane), still in use, and the following banned compounds: DDT, DDE, DDD heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin and endrin in soil, bulrush, grass shrimp and fish using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Among the OC pesticides, lindane was most dominant in the soil (32.6 ng/g dry wt in the upper and 173.9 ng/g dry wt in the lower horizon) and bulrush (1.9 pg/g lipid). Macrophyte also accumulated high levels of heptachlor epoxide (1.5 pg/g lipid). Heptachlor, although present in the soil, was below the detection limit in all aquatic biota studied. Its primary degradation product, heptachlor epoxide, was found in both soil and biota samples. DDT was found at low levels in the surface soil (6.8 ng/g dry wt), but at higher concentrations in fish (3.6 pg/g lipid), although levels were still below permissible levels for human consumption. Since most of the compounds were found in both soil and aquatic biota, our study suggests that agricultural soil could be an important source for OC pesticides in the nearby pond. 相似文献
22.
González-Marín Rosa María Moreno-Casasola Patricia Castro-Luna Alejandro Antonio Castillo Alicia 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(5):1343-1354
Regional Environmental Change - Wetlands play important roles that benefit social-ecological systems. They are threatened by climate change and human activities, i.e., raising livestock and... 相似文献
23.
Guiomar Rotllant Francisco Javier Moyano Mireia Andrés Alicia Estévez Manuel Díaz Enric Gisbert 《Marine Biology》2010,157(10):2215-2227
The effect of food deprivation on larval performance of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla was studied in terms of survival, moulting capacity, size, weight and enzymatic activities. Five feeding treatments that
differed in the initial age of first feeding larvae (fed from hatching, 2, 4 and 6 days post-hatching and unfed) were tested
for 20 days. Newly hatched larvae kept without food supply lasted for 10 days and did not moult; with 50% survival observed
at 6 days post-hatching. Larvae (zoea I stage) were only able to tolerate 2 days of food deprivation after the onset of exogenous
feeding without their performance being compromised. Multivariate analyses suggest that digestive enzyme activities may be
good indicators of the nutritional condition of larvae. 相似文献
24.
Anthony Boulanger Elisabeth Pinet Marielle Bouix Théodore Bouchez Alicia A. Mansour 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(12):2258-2265
The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of the inoculum to substrate ratio (I/S) on the anaerobic degradation potential of municipal solid waste (MSW). Reconstituted MSW samples were thus incubated under batch anaerobic conditions and inoculated with an increasing amount of inoculum originating from a mesophilic sludge digester. I/S tested values were 0 (no inoculum added), 0.015, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 1, 2 and 4 (gVMinoculum/gVMwaste). The results indicate that the apparent maximal rate of dissolved organic carbon accumulation is reached at I/S = 0.12. Under this level, the hydrolysis process is limited by the concentration of biomass and can thus be described as first order kinetics phenomena with respect to biomass for I/S ratios below 0.12. The maximum methane production rate and the minimal latency are reached at a ratio of 2. In addition to that, both methane signature and ARISA show a shift in the methanogenic populations from hydrogenotrophic to acetoclastic. 相似文献
25.
Emotional labor—the management of emotional displays as part of one's work role—has emerged as a growth area of study within organizational behavior and customer service research. In this article, we call attention to the human costs of “service with a smile” requirements with little benefits. We first review the evidence showing that requiring positive emotions from employees induces dissonance and depleted resources, which hinders task performance and threatens well‐being. We articulate how formalized emotion display requirements limit self‐determination by threatening the autonomy, competence, and belongingness needs of employees. Further, via an organizational justice lens, we argue that emotional labor is an unfair labor practice because employees in such circumstances are (1) undervalued by the organization (constituting distributive injustice); (2) disrespected by customers (constituting interactional injustice); and (3) self‐undermined by organizational policies (constituting procedural injustice). We then argue for bringing light to the dark side of emotional labor with a “modest proposal”: Organizations and customers should abandon formalized emotion display expectations and replace such efforts with more humanistic practices that support and value employees, engendering positive climates and an authentically positive workforce. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
26.
Exposures to penta polybrominated diphenylether (PeBDE) cause neurobehavioral toxicity in developing mice and rats. As levels of these ubiquitous contaminants are increasing in the environment, this raises concern that wildlife may also suffer such effects, with consequences for their ability to catch prey and avoid predators. PeBDE levels in wild-caught fish have been steadily escalating over the past fifteen years. To our knowledge, behavioral consequences of piscine embryonic exposure to PeBDE has not yet been studied. The objectives of this investigation were to characterize effects on development in an environmentally relevant fish model, and test for latent behavioral effects following cessation of exposure. Embryos from the estuarine minnow, Fundulus heteroclitus, were exposed from day 0-7 post fertilization to the industrial PeBDE mixture, DE-71 (0.001 to 100 microg l(-1)). Embryos were assayed for hatching success, development, and microsomal enzyme cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) activity, which was determined by analysis of in ovo ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activation in embryos. Larval fish were assayed for predation ability, activity level, and fright response to a simulated predator. Juvenile fish were assayed for learning ability in a three-chambered fish maze. No induction of embryonic EROD activity was observed, nor was a high dose of DE-71 able to inhibit EROD activity induced by beta-naphthoflavone. No deformities were detected, but a subtle developmental asymmetry with respect to tail curvature direction was observed, and a hatching delay of up to 4.5 days was noted. Behavioral test results suggest that embryonic exposure to DE-71 may alter activity level, fright response, predation rates, and learning ability in subsequent life stages. 相似文献
27.
Research on work aggression or anger has typically focused on supervisors and co‐workers as the instigators of aggression; however, aggressive customers are also likely and may have unique consequences for the employee. We explore this phenomenon with a sample of 198 call center employees at two work sites. The employees reported that customer verbal aggression occurred 10 times a day, on average, though this varied by race and negative affectivity. Using LISREL, our data indicated that both the frequency and stress appraisal of customer aggression positively related to emotional exhaustion, and this burnout dimension mediated the relationship of stress appraisal with absences. Stress appraisal also influenced employees' emotion regulation strategies with their most recent hostile caller. Employees who felt more threatened by customer aggression used surface acting or vented emotions, while those who were less threatened used deep acting. Job autonomy helped explain who found these events more stressful, and implications of these results are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
28.
Sarah E. Rothenberg Lester McKee Alicia Gilbreath Donald Yee Mike Connor Xuewu Fu 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(10):1255-1262
Hg species (total mercury, methylmercury, reactive mercury) in precipitation were investigated in the vicinity of the Lehigh Hanson Permanente Cement Plant in the San Francisco Bay Area, CA., USA. Precipitation was collected weekly between November 29, 2007 and March 20, 2008, which included the period in February and March 2008 when cement production was minimized during annual plant maintenance. When the cement plant was operational, the volume weighted mean (VWM) and wet depositional flux for total Hg (HgT) were 6.7 and 5.8 times higher, respectively, compared to a control site located 3.5 km east of the cement plant. In February and March, when cement plant operations were minimized, levels were approximately equal at both sites (the ratio for both parameters was 1.1). Due to the close proximity between the two sites, meteorological conditions (e.g., precipitation levels, wind direction) were similar, and therefore higher VWM HgT levels and HgT deposition likely reflected increased Hg emissions from the cement plant. Methylmercury (MeHg) and reactive Hg (Hg(II)) were also measured; compared to the control site, the VWM for MeHg was lower at the cement plant (the ratio = 0.75) and the VWM for Hg(II) was slightly higher (ratio = 1.2), which indicated the cement plant was not likely a significant source of these Hg species to the watershed. 相似文献
29.
INTRODUCTION: Some research suggests that conducting safety observations of another's safety performance may serve as an effective tool in increasing the safety performance of the observer. The primary purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of conducting safety observations on the postural safety performance of observers engaging in an assembly task for short time periods. The secondary objectives of the study were: (a) to measure productivity, and (b) to measure the accuracy of participant safety observations. METHOD: An ABC (A: baseline, B: information, C: observation) multiple-baseline design counterbalanced across postural behaviors (back, shoulder, and feet position) was implemented with six participants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Substantial improvements in postural safety occurred after participants conducted safety observations, and these improvements did not appear to negatively affect productivity. Results also suggest that there is no relation between the accuracy of an observer's safety observation and their subsequent safety performance. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This research provides evidence that a safety observation process can function to increase safe postural behavior of observers. Thus, the implementation of such a process may contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders and related costs in the workplace. 相似文献
30.
Application of fluorescence in situ hybridization technique to detect simazine-degrading bacteria in soil samples 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Martín M Gibello A Lobo C Nande M Garbi C Fajardo C Barra-Caracciolo A Grenni P Martínez-Iñigo MJ 《Chemosphere》2008,71(4):703-710
We propose a new approach to evaluate the natural attenuation capacity of soil by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A specific oligonucleotide probe AtzB1 was designed based on the sequence data of the atzB gene involved in the hydrolytic deamination of s-triazines; this gene, located in a multiple copy plasmid was detected by the optimized FISH protocol. Two agricultural soils (Lodi and Henares) with a history of simazine treatments, and two natural soils (Soto and Monza), without previous exposure to simazine, were studied. AtzB1 probe-target cells were found only in the agricultural soils and, in a greater percentage, in the Lodi soil, compared to the Henares one. Moreover, the greatest percentage of AtzB1 probe-target cells in Lodi was accompanied by a greater mineralization rate, compared to the Henares soil. The FISH method used in this study was suitable for the detection of simazine-degrading bacteria and could be a useful indicator of the potential of soil bioremediation. 相似文献