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341.
Prasanna H. Gowda Andy D. Ward Dale A. White David B. Baker John G. Lyon 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(5):1223-1232
The goal of this study was to develop a methodology for generating storm hydrographs at a watershed scale based on daily runoff estimates from a field scale model. The methodology was evaluated on a small agricultural watershed using the ADAPT field scale process model. A comparison of observed and predicted peak flows for 11 of the largest events that occurred in a three year period gave r2 values of 0.84, 0.82, and 0.81 when the watershed was subdivided into 1, 5, and 10 sub watersheds. However, all other statistical measures improved when the watershed was subdivided into at least five sub watersheds. Guidelines need to be developed on the use of the procedure but it first needs to be evaluated on several watersheds that exhibit a range in sizes, land uses, slopes, and soil properties. 相似文献
342.
Susan Baker Susan Leubuscher Karl Jacoby Andrew Cundy Michael M. Welsh Peter Dickens Ineke van der Storm Susan Buckingham-Hatfield 《Local Environment》1999,4(1):89-103
Deregulation in the European Union: environmental perspectives. U. Collier (Ed.), 1998, London, Routledge, ISBN 0 415 15694 7, £47.50 (hbk)
Protecting the European Environment: enforcing EC environmental law. H. Somsen (Ed.), 1996, London, Blackstone Press, ISBN 185 431 6044, £19.95
Green Parties and Politics in the European Union. Elizabeth Bomberg, 1998, London, Routledge, ISBN 0 415102 650, £15.99 (pbk)
British Environmental Policy and Europe. Philip Lowe & Stephen Ward (Eds), 1998, London, Routledge, ISBN 0 415155 010, £16.99 (pbk)
Wolf in the Garden: the land rights movement and the new environmental debate. Philip D. Brick & R. McGreggor Cawley (Eds), 1996, Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 08476 8184 X, US$67.50 (hbk) ISBN 08476 8185 8, US$24.95 (pbk)
Fresh Water. E. C. Pielou, 1998, Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0 226 66815 0, US$24/£19.25 (hbk)
Environment and Politics. Timothy Doyle & Doug McEachern, 1998, London, Routledge, ISBN 0415 14776, £10.99
Eat Your Genes: how genetically modified food is entering our diet. S. Nottingham, 1998, London, Zed Books, ISBN 1 85649 577 9, £32.95 (hbk) ISBN 1 85649 578 7, £11.95 (pbk)
Working for Better Environmental Performance in SMEs. PACTE programme of the European Commission, 1997, Project of Berlin, Bristol, Copenhagen and Vienna1 (no charge)
Love Canal, the Story Continues. Lois Marie Gibbs, 1998, Gabriola Island, BC, New Society Publishers, ISBN 0 86571 382 0, US$16.95/Can$19.95 (pbk) 相似文献
Protecting the European Environment: enforcing EC environmental law. H. Somsen (Ed.), 1996, London, Blackstone Press, ISBN 185 431 6044, £19.95
Green Parties and Politics in the European Union. Elizabeth Bomberg, 1998, London, Routledge, ISBN 0 415102 650, £15.99 (pbk)
British Environmental Policy and Europe. Philip Lowe & Stephen Ward (Eds), 1998, London, Routledge, ISBN 0 415155 010, £16.99 (pbk)
Wolf in the Garden: the land rights movement and the new environmental debate. Philip D. Brick & R. McGreggor Cawley (Eds), 1996, Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 08476 8184 X, US$67.50 (hbk) ISBN 08476 8185 8, US$24.95 (pbk)
Fresh Water. E. C. Pielou, 1998, Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0 226 66815 0, US$24/£19.25 (hbk)
Environment and Politics. Timothy Doyle & Doug McEachern, 1998, London, Routledge, ISBN 0415 14776, £10.99
Eat Your Genes: how genetically modified food is entering our diet. S. Nottingham, 1998, London, Zed Books, ISBN 1 85649 577 9, £32.95 (hbk) ISBN 1 85649 578 7, £11.95 (pbk)
Working for Better Environmental Performance in SMEs. PACTE programme of the European Commission, 1997, Project of Berlin, Bristol, Copenhagen and Vienna1 (no charge)
Love Canal, the Story Continues. Lois Marie Gibbs, 1998, Gabriola Island, BC, New Society Publishers, ISBN 0 86571 382 0, US$16.95/Can$19.95 (pbk) 相似文献
343.
García R Rubio V Vegas I Frías M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(3):274-277
Background, aim and scope One of the problems to affect Portland cement matrices is low resistance to aggressive agents, due principally to the presence
of a high content of portlandite in the hydrated cements. Pozzolanic materials have played an important role in the improving
the durability of cement-based materials for decades. This work studies the behaviour of cement mortar matrices blended with
10% calcined paper sludge (source for metakaolinite) and exposed to different environmental conditions (saline and non-saline
environments) after 6 and 12 months of exposure.
Materials and methods Two cements were studied: an ordinary Portland cement (CEM 1, 42.5R), acting as reference cement, and a blended cement formulated
by mixing 90% (by mass) of CEM 1, 42.5R with 10% (by mass) of paper sludge calcined at 700°C for 2 h. The specimens were exposed
1 year to saline and non-saline environments. All the mineralogy samples were studied through X-ray diffraction and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyser. The in-depth study on ionic mobility was performed
on samples subjected to natural exposure (coast and tableland) for 6 and 12 months.
Results Portland cement was composed of quartz, calcite, calcium hydroxide and tobermorite gels. The pozzolanic cement (10% calcined
paper sludge) is of the same composition but a high calcite concentration and barium carbonate. SEM analysis from coastline
show deposits of variable composition. The deposits are identified on the surface of different mineral components. The minerals
from tableland are much fractured, i.e. calcite and feldspars. Inside the fractures, the deposits and the ions are located
and trapped superficially.
Discussion SEM analysis of control cement Portland and 10% calcined paper sludge shows deposits on quartz and calcite with a very high
concentration of Pb, Zn, Cl and barium sulphate. A very porous aspect is due to the presence of the different aggregate types.
This porous configuration permits retention of the ion environment. The pozzolanic cement in environments subject to the saline
mist favours the retention and transport of ions observed. Something similar also happens with the increase in exposure to
outdoor weather. Non-saline samples show temperature changes (ice or thaw cycles). Barium retention is kept on the surface
in fracture lines by the gelification processes. In general, it may be inferred that an increase in exposure time increases
the diffusion of ions towards test piece interiors. The chemical composition profiles show that the ions present different
penetration speeds.
Conclusions The results indicate the better vulnerability of pozzolanic cements from calcined paper sludge in saline and non-saline environments.
The cements with a 10% addition of calcined paper sludge favour retention and transport of ion has been observed.
Recommendations and perspectives Today, projects are centred on a new recycling line for industrial waste of this kind, with special attention on its incorporation
in cement manufacture as a pozzolanic material, setting the most appropriate activation conditions of the mineralogical compound
in this waste (kaolinite and metakaolinite) and taking them as a starting point for this project. The use of pozzolanic cement
with 10% addition of calcined paper sludge is a system which favours ionic retention. 相似文献
344.
A series of experiments was performed to prepare acidic macroencapsulated buffers composed of 20% Ca(H2PO4)(2) and 80% Eudragit S 100 polymer and alkaline macrocapsules composed of 65% K2HPO4 and 35% Eudragit E PO polymer (the powdered form of Eudragit E 100). Eudragit S 100 was shown to be soluble at a pH greater than 7.0, while Eudragit E 100 was soluble at a pH less than 7.0. Both polymers did not impart significant biochemical oxygen demand. The Eudragit E PO polymer solution showed low toxicity (EC50=91%) based on the Microtox Acute Toxicity Test compared to the 0.1mM background phosphate buffer solution (EC50=100%) while the Eudragit S 100 polymer solution showed higher toxicity (EC50=53%). Batch tests showed that the acidic macrocapsules reduced the pH of a 0.1mM phosphate solution from 11 to neutral, while the alkaline macrocapsules increased the pH of a 0.1mM phosphate solution from 3 to neutral. The macrocapsules could potentially be used as an in situ proportional pH controller for groundwater remediation. 相似文献
345.
Culture,local capacity,and outside aid: a community perspective on disaster response after the 2009 tsunami in American Sāmoa
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Research on diverse cultural contexts has indicated that aid organisations often fail to leverage local, culturally‐grounded resources and capacities in disaster‐affected communities. Case‐study methodology was employed to explore the relationship between local and external disaster response efforts in American Sāmoa following the earthquake and tsunami on 29 September 2009 in the southern Pacific Ocean, with a specific focus on the role of culture in defining that relationship. Interview and focus group data from 37 participants, along with observational data, suggested that the local response to the event was swift and grounded in Samoan cultural systems and norms. External aid was viewed as helpful in some respects, although, on the whole, it was seen as a disruption to village hierarchies, social networks, and local response efforts. The study discusses the implications for the role of outside aid in diverse cultural contexts, and makes suggestions for improving the ecological fit of post‐disaster interventions. 相似文献
346.
Laidlaw WS Arndt SK Huynh TT Gregory D Baker AJ 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(1):134-143
Biosolids produced by sewage treatment facilities can exceed guideline thresholds for contaminant elements. Phytoextraction is one technique with the potential to reduce these elements allowing reuse of the biosolids as a soil amendment. In this field trial, cuttings of seven species/cultivars of Salix(willows) were planted directly into soil and into biosolids to identify their suitability for decontaminating biosolids. Trees were irrigated and harvested each year for three consecutive years. Harvested biomass was weighed and analyzed for the contaminant elements: As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, Ni, and Zn. All Salix cultivars, except S. chilensis, growing in soils produced 10 to 20 t ha(-1) of biomass, whereas most Salix cultivars growing in biosolids produced significantly less biomass (<6 t ha(-1)). Salix matsudana (30 t ha(-1)) and S. × reichardtii A. Kerner (18 t ha(-1)) had similar aboveground biomass production in both soil and biosolids. These were also the most successful cultivars in extracting metals from biosolids, driven by superior biomass increases and not high tissue concentrations. The willows were effectual in extracting the most soluble/exchangeable metals (Cd, 0.18; Ni, 0.40; and Zn, 11.66 kg ha(-1)), whereas Cr and Cu were extracted to a lesser degree (0.02 and 0.11 kg ha(-1)). Low bioavailable elements, As, Hg, and Pb, were not detectable in any of the aboveground biomass of the willows. 相似文献
347.
Ok K. Koo Hun Kim Hyun J. Kim Christopher A. Baker Steven C. Ricke 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(7):490-496
Tatsoi (Brassica narinosa) is a popular Asian salad green that is mostly consumed as a source of fresh produce. The purpose of this study was to assess the microbial diversity of Tatsoi cultivated in a hydroponic system and of its ecosystem. Tatsoi leaves, nutrient solution, and perlite/earth samples from a trickle feed system (TFS) and an ebb-and-flow system (EFS) were collected and their microbial communities were analyzed by pyrosequencing analysis. The results showed that most bacteria in the leaves from the TFS contained genus Sporosarcina (99.6%), while Rhizobium (60.4%) was dominant in the leaves from the EFS. Genus Paucibacter (18.21%) and Pelomonas (12.37%) were the most abundant microbiota in the nutrient solution samples of the TFS. In the EFS, the nutrient solution samples contained mostly genus Rhodococcus and Acinetobacter. Potential microbial transfer between the leaves and the ecosystem was observed in the EFS, while samples in the TFS were found to share only one species between the leaves, nutrient solution, and earth. Together, these results show that the bacterial populations in Tatsoi and in its ecosystem are highly diverse based on the cultivation system. 相似文献
348.
Ann Winstanley Annabel Ahuriri-Driscoll Virginia Baker Jeffrey Foote 《Local Environment》2016,21(10):1171-1184
This paper claims that participatory approaches to water resource management in New Zealand are highly influenced by how institutional and community actors understand and practise democracy, including indigenous Māori rights under the Treaty of Waitangi. Drawing on case study analysis from a six-year research programme in which the aim was to evaluate existing and new methods for participatory decision-making, we highlight how different but co-existing democratic beliefs and practices, referred to as democratic logics can shape relationships between governance/decision-making bodies and affected communities. One particular case is examined in detail to illustrate how the various “logics” were strengthened, extended and challenged through participatory research methodologies. Our key message is that revealing and articulating existing democratic logics for participation can help promote and facilitate new participatory approaches, as well as increase robustness and community buy-in to local government decision-making. 相似文献
349.
V. Somerset P. Baker E. Iwuoha 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):164-178
This paper reports the construction of the gold/mercaptobenzothiazole/polyaniline/acetylcholinesterase/polyvinylacetate (Au/ MBT/PANI/AChE/PVAc) thick-film biosensor for the determination of certain organophosphate pesticide solutions in selected aqueous organic solvent solutions. The Au/MBT/PANI/AChE/PVAc electrocatalytic biosensor device was constructed by encapsulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme in the PANI polymer composite, followed by the coating of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) on top to secure the biosensor film from disintegration in the organic solvents evaluated. The electroactive substrate called acetylthiocholine (ATCh) was employed to provide the movement of electrons in the amperometric biosensor. The voltammetric results have shown that the current shifts more anodically as the Au/MBT/PANI/AChE/PVAc biosensor responded to successive acetylthiocholine (ATCh) substrate addition under anaerobic conditions in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, KCl (pH 7.2) solution and aqueous organic solvent solutions. For the Au/MBT/PANI/AChE/PVAc biosensor, various performance and stability parameters were evaluated. These factors include the optimal enzyme loading, effect of pH, long-term stability of the biosensor, temperature stability of the biosensor, the effect of polar organic solvents, and the effect of non-polar organic solvents on the amperometric behavior of the biosensor. The biosensor was then applied to detect a series of 5 organophosphorous pesticides in aqueous organic solvents and the pesticides studied were parathion-methyl, malathion and chlorpyrifos. The results obtained have shown that the detection limit values for the individual pesticides were 1.332 nM (parathion-methyl), 0.189 nM (malathion), 0.018 nM (chlorpyrifos). 相似文献
350.
Carroll KC Oostrom M Truex MJ Rohay VJ Brusseau ML 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2012,128(1-4):71-82
Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is typically effective for removal of volatile contaminants from higher-permeability portions of the vadose zone. However, contamination in lower-permeability zones can persist due to mass transfer processes that limit the removal effectiveness. After SVE has been operated for a period of time and the remaining contamination is primarily located in lower-permeability zones, the remedy performance needs to be evaluated to determine whether the SVE system should be optimized, terminated, or transitioned to another technology to replace or augment SVE. Numerical modeling of vapor-phase contaminant transport was used to investigate the correlation between measured vapor-phase mass discharge, MF(r), from a persistent, vadose-zone contaminant source and the resulting groundwater contaminant concentrations. This relationship was shown to be linear, and was used to directly assess SVE remediation progress over time and to determine the level of remediation in the vadose zone necessary to protect groundwater. Although site properties and source characteristics must be specified to establish a unique relation between MF(r) and the groundwater contaminant concentration, this correlation provides insight into SVE performance and support for decisions to optimize or terminate the SVE operation or to transition to another type of treatment. 相似文献