微压流化式复合生物反应器处理含酚废水效能的研究

通过连续动态试验,对新型微压流化式复合生物反应器(MP-FHBR)处理模拟苯酚废水的效能进行研究.结果表明,MP-FHBR的COD容积负荷可达4.86kg/(m3·d)、苯酚容积负荷可达1.96kg/(m3·d),出水COD低于200mg/L、出水苯酚浓度低于1mg/L,COD和苯酚去除率分别达到90%和99%以上.当苯酚容积负荷达到2.04kg/(m3·d),苯酚在反应器中逐渐累积,反应器内微生物的TTC-比脱氢酶活性下降.当MP-FHBR进水苯酚浓度为800mg/L时,最佳水力停留时间为9～10h.水力负荷对反应器沉淀池的泥水分离效果影响较大,限制了反应器的进水量,所以MP-FHBR主要适用于处理较高浓度的含酚废水.     

泰州市能源发展"十一五"规划环评研究

通过对泰州市能源发展"十一五"规划环评进行研究,着重分析了规划实施中对环境资源的消耗.根据当地环境资源的支撑能力,明确提出了调整能源结构等切实可行的应对措施及环境影响的减缓措施,通过采取一系列环境影响减缓措施,力求把区域经济建设等发展规模,控制在生态环境容量许可范围内.     

不同氮、磷肥用量下双季稻田的CH4和N2O排放

以红壤双季稻田为研究对象,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对2009年水稻生长期内不施肥（CK）,平衡施肥（BF）、减氮磷一（DNP1）、减氮磷二（DNP2）和增氮磷（INP）等5个处理的CH4和N2O排放通量以及环境因素进行观测.结果表明,早稻生长期间BF、DNP1、DNP2和INP的CH4平均排放通量为4.57、5.42、...     

谱系聚类法在小区域粮食安全预测中的应用——以昆山市为例

粮食安全对国民经济的可持续发展起着不可替代的基础性作用,小区域由于受政策因素的影响较大,粮食安全相关指标的变化呈一定阶段性,长时间序列的数学规律并不突出,不利于规划工作的展开。论文基于昆山市的研究,提出谱系聚类与数学模型相结合的基本思路,在此基础上推出了聚类结果有效性的量化判定标准并对聚类法运用准则做了深入的探讨。实际数据分析结果表明:昆山的粮食安全相关的社会经济指标变化确实呈明显阶段性;与利用全部时间序列数据建立的模型相比,运用谱系聚类的模型拟合和预测效果都有明显优势;至2015年,昆山市粮食自给率将下降至6%,最小人均耕地面积降低至0.022 hm²。通过进一步的分析、对比及讨论,文章认为,谱系聚类法运用于小区域粮食安全预测,方法可操作性强,结论科学性显著。     

长期暴露于全氟十三酸的青鳉鱼体内分布和生物富集

研究了将青鳉鱼长期暴露于不同浓度的全氟羧酸类物质全氟十三酸(PFTriDA)后的器官分布和富集系数.结果显示, PFTriDA最高富集在性腺;其次是卵、肝脏;浓度最低的部分是残体.除了性腺之外,该器官分布与野生中华鲟的一致.在相同暴露浓度下,雄鱼体内各器官的PFTriDA的含量高于雌鱼,机理模型计算进一步表明高母子传递系数是造成雌雄差异的可能原因.随着PFTriDA暴露浓度的升高,鱼体内同一器官的生物富集系数(BCF)呈现下降趋势.     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

Methanotrophic community structure of aged refuse and its capability for methane bio-oxidation

Aged refuse from waste landfills closed for eight years was examined and found to contain rich methanotrophs capable of biooxidation for methane. Specially, community structure and methane oxidation capability of methanotrophs in the aged refuse were studied. The amount of methanotrophs ranged 61.97 103–632.91 103 cells/g (in dry basis) in aged refuse from Shanghai Laogang Landfill. Type I and II methanotrophs were found in the aged refuse in the presence of sterilized sewage sludge and only Type I methanotrophs were detected in the presence of nitrate minimal salt medium (NMS). The clone sequences of the pmoA gene obtained from the aged refuse were similar to the pmoA gene of Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, and Methylocystis, and two clones were distinct with known genera of Type I methanotrophs according to phylogenetic analysis. Aged refuse enriched with NMS was used for methane biological oxidation and over 93% conversions were obtained.     

土壤阴离子表面活性剂总量亚甲基蓝法研究

文章通过设计正交试验,针对提取的主要因素提取液配比、提取时间、提取温度和提取剂用量确定最优的前处理方法,建立与国标《水质阴离子表面活性剂亚甲基蓝分光光度法》(GB7494-87)对应的土壤阴离子表而活性剂(LAS)的亚甲基蓝分光光度法.土壤样品烘干后经20 mL乙醇水溶液(70％)提取,水浴恒温振荡仪45℃下振荡2h,...     

岩溶地下河系统中有机氯的分布特征与来源分析

选取重庆老龙洞、青木关岩溶地下河为研究对象,采用气相色谱仪-微池电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)分析两条地下河水体中21种有机氯农药(OCPs)的浓度.结果表明,南山地下河中六六六(HCHs)和艾氏剂类化合物(ALDs)是主要检出物,青木关地下河中HCHs和甲氧滴滴涕是主要检出物.南山、青木关地下河中均未检出o,p'-DDE、p,p'-DDE、o,p'-DDD,同时,青木关地下河还未检出o,p'-DDT、狄氏剂,其余OCPs在两条地下河中检出率高达100%.青木关地下河中OCPs浓度范围为145~278 ng·L-1之间,平均值为213 ng·L-1;南山老龙洞地下河中OCPs浓度介于17.7~40.8 ng·L-1之间,平均值为32.7ng·L-1.两条地下河中各OCPs组分表现为地下河出口大于入口.通过对OCPs污染来源分析,发现两地下河流域滴滴涕(DDTs)主要来自于历史上工业DDTs输入,氯丹主要来自于大气沉降.六六六(HCHs)主要来源是林丹的输入,南山地下河属于历史污染,青木关地下河上游的甘家槽有新的HCHs输入.与国内外其他各水体相比,南山地下河水体中HCHs、DDTs浓度处于低水平;青木关下河处于中等偏高水平.结合中外用水卫生标准,发现南山地下河和青木关地下河未超过饮水安全标准.青木关应禁止农田施用有机氯农药,保护地下河生态环境.     

Inhibitory effects of nisin-coated multi-walled carbon nanotube sheet on biofilm formation from Bacillus anthracis spores

Multi-walled carbon nanotube（MWCNT） sheet was fabricated from a drawable MWCNT forest and then deposited on poly（methyl methacrylate） film. The film was further coated with a natural antimicrobial peptide nisin. We studied the effects of nisin coating on the attachment of Bacillus anthracis spores, the germination of attached spores, and the subsequent biofilm formation from attached spores. It was found that the strong adsorptivity and the super hydrophobicity of MWCNTs provided an ideal platform for nisin coating. Nisin coating on MWCNT sheets decreased surface hydrophobicity, reduced spore attachment, and reduced the germination of attached spores by 3.5 fold, and further inhibited the subsequent biofilm formation by 94.6% compared to that on uncoated MWCNT sheet. Nisin also changed the morphology of vegetative cells in the formed biofilm.The results of this study demonstrated that the anti-adhesion and antimicrobial effect of nisin in combination with the physical properties of carbon nanotubes had the potential in producing effective anti-biofilm formation surfaces.