广州市氮氧化物的数值模拟及暴露影响评价

主要介绍了大气暴露风险评价ADMER模式的模块组成及其主要功能,并利用该模式对广州地区常规的氮氧化物进行了暴露风险评价研究.利用中尺度气象模式模拟的5km气象场数据和收集整理的年平均污染排放源资料进行了大气污染扩散模拟计算.结果表明,无论是氮氧化物的浓度值还是其时空变化趋势,ADMER模式模拟的结果与实际观测均较一致,相关系数达0.76.氮氧化物的浓度高值出现在冬春季节,夏季的浓度相对较低,这主要是受气象场条件的影响.空间场上,氮氧化物的高值区位于广州地区的西南和中部,与工业大点源以及地面源排放的分布一致,而广州地区东北部氮氧化物的浓度值相对较低.在浓度评估的基础上,对暴露人口也进行了估算.由于广州是广东省的主要人口密集区,所以,定量化暴露人口对于进一步开展污染控制减排策略有一定的指示意义.     

Decomposition and phosphorus release from four di erent size fractions of Microcystis spp. taken from Lake Taihu, China

Decomposition of Microcystis is accompanied by the release of phosphorus, during bacteria play an important role. A series of experiments were undertaken to evaluate the e ect of bacteria on the decomposition of Microcystis taken from Lake Taihu, China, a lake that is su ering from dense Microcystis blooms. The 16 experiments involved four size fractions of colonial Microcystis with or without the addition of lake sediment and Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NaN3. The highest decomposition rates were recorded for the smallest size Microcystis fraction (< 25 m) with the addition of the sediment. The lowest decomposition rates were recorded for the smallest Microcystis fraction without the sediment, but with the addition of Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NaN3. The higher decomposition rates in the treatments with NaN3 and sediment suggest that Gram-positive bacteria in the sediment are important for the decomposition process. Additionally, higher concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in the treatments with NaN3 suggest that more phosphorus accumulates in the Gram-negative bacterial cells around the colony, which may be an important source of phosphorus for Microcystis cells. In the no-sediment treatments, the ratios of TDP concentration to initial TP concentration were 64%–82%. The results of this experiment suggest that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria play an important role in the decomposition of Microcystis cells and the release of phosphorus from Microcystis colonies.     

负载型金属氧化物催化剂分解臭氧的研究

用浸渍法制备了活性炭、γ-氧化铝和分子筛负载的MnO2,CuO,Fe2O3催化剂,并考察了它们对臭氧分解的催化性能。结果表明,MnO2催化剂优于CuO,Fe2O3,催化剂,活性炭为载体的催化剂优于γ-氧化铝和分子筛为载体的催化剂。温度对臭氧催化分解影响很大,在90℃时,MnO2／AC催化剂对臭氧的去除率可达80％以上。当存在一定浓度的水蒸气时,湿度越大,催化性能越差。当臭氧初始质量浓度低于50mg／L时,随着臭氧初始浓度的增加,催化性能有一定的下降。     

乳制品废水处理工程设计与运行

根据河南某乳制品厂废水水质分析,采用隔油--厌氧--生物接触氧化进行处理。运行结果表明：出水各项指标均能达到GB8978--1996《污水综合排放标准》二级排放标准,工程投资和运行费用较低,运行效果稳定。     

浅析农药环境污染与防治措施

在农药环境污染与防治中阐述了农药施用后,在对环境中的病虫草害和其他有害物质起作用的同时,可能引起对大气、水体、土壤、农作物、食品及对环境生物的危害等产生的污染.以及农药对人体健康的危害,提出了防治农药环境污染的几点防治措施.     

煤矿主提胶带运输系统远程自动化集中控制的工程实践

从煤矿生产作业环境的安全性出发,结合机械化、自动化技术的发展趋势,提出煤矿主提胶带运输系统远程自动化集中控制的技术方案,并以成功实例验证了方案的可操作性,节能效果显著。     

松针生理性质对其富集多环芳烃行为的影响

测定了雪松(Cedrus deodar)和黑松(Pinus thunbergii)松针的脂含量、气孔密度和比表面积等生理性质及松针中多环芳烃 (PAHs)浓度,考察了松针生理性质对其富集PAHs行为的影响.结果表明,雪松松针中PAHs浓度高于黑松,其平均总浓度(ΣPAHs)分别为(1101±692)ng/g和(518±339)ng/g,2种松针对PAHs的富集能力有较大差异,脂含量是决定松针富集PAHs量的首要因素.2种松针中PAHs组成均以3环和4环PAHs为主,分别占ΣPAHs的56%和31%以上.松针对于3环PAHs的富集能力强于4环PAHs,两者浓度差异约为2倍左右;对于5、6环PAHs,未发现其浓度与脂含量之间的相关关系.由于雪松和黑松松针的脂含量随比表面积具有不同的变化趋势,2种松针中PAHs浓度随比表面积的变化趋势相反.对于5、6环PAHs,松针比表面积和气孔密度对其浓度有显著影响.     

Chlorobenzene degradation by electro-heterogeneous catalysis in aqueous solution: intermediates and reaction mechanism

This study was performed to investigate the variables that influence chlorobenzene (CB) degradation in aqueous solution by electro-heterogeneous catalysis.The effects of current density,pH,and electrolyte concentration on CB degradation were determined.The degradation effciency of CB was almost 100% with an initial CB concentration of 50 mg/L,current density 15 mA/cm2,initial pH 10,electrolyte concentration 0.1 mol/L,and temperature 25°C after 90 min of reaction.Under the same conditions,the degradation eff...     

纳米TiO2的表面改性及在聚氯乙烯中的应用研究

研究了原位乳液共聚合方法制备聚丙烯酸酯/TiO2纳米复合材料及其对PVC抗紫外光老化性能的影响.结果表明,聚丙烯酸酯共聚物P(MMA-BA)包覆在纳米TiO2表面,并与TiO2粒子有较强相互作用;经过1032 h加速老化后,相比未改性配方和有机紫外吸收剂改性配方,复合改性PVC材料的抗紫外光老化性能得到大幅提高,纳米TiO2的质量分数为1.0%的复合材料改性PVC色差值只有5.0,比未改性配方提高近8倍.     

CAST2000平台下卫星环境剖面分析

以CAST2000平台下的卫星为基础,系统地叙述了从卫星研制到卫星在轨运行所经历的全部人工环境和空间环境.研制阶段所经历的环境包括振动试验、噪声试验、分离试验、热真空试验、EMC试验,发射阶段历经环境主要是运载主动段飞行所产生的振动环境;在轨运行段环境历经包括在轨空间柔性展开、热真空、磁环境、辐射环境.