某1000 MW燃煤机组脱硝催化剂运行性能检测

以某1000 MW燃煤机组脱硝系统使用的脱硝催化剂为研究对象,分别对不同运行时间的催化剂进行了对比检测。检测结果表明,运行初期,催化剂表面沉积了一定量的碱金属,但属于正常范围内;没有出现过多的硫化合物的沉积;催化剂微观结构遭到一定程度的破坏,比表面积有下降趋势;催化剂机械强度基本保持良好;催化剂活性衰减在正常范围内,催化剂可以继续使用或添加加装层。     

Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve grain yield, As uptake and tolerance of rice grown under aerobic conditions?

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) - Glomus intraradices and G. geosporum on arsenic (As) and phosphorus (P) uptake by lowland (Guangyinzhan) and upland rice (Handao 502) were investigated in soil, spiked with and without 60 mg As kg⁻¹. In As-contaminated soil, Guangyinzhan inoculated with G. intraradices or Handao 502 inoculated with G. geosporum enhanced As tolerance, grain P content, grain yield. However, Guangyinzhan inoculated with G. geosporum or Handao 502 inoculated with G. intraradices decreased grain P content, grain yield and the molar ratio of grain P/As content, and increased the As concentration and the ratio of grain/straw As concentration. These results show that rice/AMF combinations had significant (p < 0.05) effects on grain As concentration, grain yield and grain P uptake. The variation in the transfer and uptake of As and P reflected strong functional diversity in AM (arbuscular mycorrhizal) symbioses.     

基于区域管理的滑坡灾害信息系统研制

在长期的滑坡灾害防治工作中,三峡库区已积累了大量的工程资料,但这些资料主要储存在单项工程报告中而没有被充分利用。为了有效地利用现有的滑坡工程数据,提高资料的管理水平,提出并实现了基于区域管理的滑坡灾害信息系统,该系统可对指定区域多个滑坡工程的数据进行综合管理和处理,为工程建设决策、规划提供了直观的依据;并可利用拟评价工程场地附近的历史资料生成相应的信息,对待评价地区进行预测和预评估评价,这样既可优化评价手段又能节省评估费用。     

Technologically enhanced 210Pb and 210Po in iron and steel industry

Iron and steel manufacture has been ranked as the largest industrial source of environmental contamination in the USA; the wastes generated in their production processes contain heavy elements that can be a source of contamination, and natural radionuclides that can produce an occupational and/or public radiological impact. In this work the potential occupational effective dose rate (μSv/y) due to inhalation in four integrated steel-making factories from Egypt has been evaluated, by assuming a well defined scenario and with basis in the ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po activity concentrations determined in ore and wastes collected in the aforementioned factories. Activity concentrations, in Bq/kg, of ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po, and leachable Pb and Fe were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry based on HPGe detector, alpha particle spectrometry based on PIPS detector, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Levels of ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po in the range of <DL-4238 and 1-5660 Bq/kg, respectively, were found. According to the assumed scenarios, the occupational exposures by inhalation are much lower than the recommended annual effective dose limit, although the environmental impact due to waste storage and/or use should be considered based on case by case evaluation.     

加快攀西-六盘水地区优势资源的开发

攀西-六盘水地区水能、矿产资源丰富,是建设我国能源、原材料生产的重要基地,也是长江上游资源开发和生态保护区的重要组成部分。本文在分析加快开发该区优势资源的有利条件和不利因素的基础上,提出了开发建设的总体目际和思路,突出水能和矿产资源优势,加强对农业和林业的开发,力争到21世纪中叶使该区建成我国重要的能源、原材料生产基地,从根本上改变该区文通闭塞、经济、文化落后的面貌,在主要经济、技术指标上赶上全国的平均先进水平。     

铸造除尘的基础数据

在过去很长一 段时间里,铸造车 间的通风除尘设计 由于缺乏可靠的基 础数据,因而往往 达不到预期目的。 为取得比较切合实 际的数据,机械工 业部设计研究总院 会同机械工业部生 产调度局组织十四 个单位调查了近 300个铸造车间和 1518个除尘系统, 并对其中使用效果 较好的137个系统 和设备进行了现场 测试。经过对实测 数据的整理分析, 提出了铸造设备的 粉尘浓度、设备的 排风量、铸造粉尘 的重量分散度和真 比重、排风罩的局 部阻力以及作业地 点环境粉尘游离二氧化硅含量百分比等的技术资料。现取其主要数据分别列于表1、表2、表3、表4和…     

Biosolids decomposition after surface applications in west Texas

In a semiarid environment, climate is a critical factor in the decomposition of surface-applied biosolids. This study examined the effect of 2- to 7-yr exposure times on the composition of single applications of New York, NY biosolids in western Texas. Exposure time effects on organic matter, N, P, S, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Zn were studied near Sierra Blanca, TX. Due to organic matter decomposition, total organic C decreased from 340 g kg(-1) in fresh biosolids to 180 g kg(-1) in biosolids after 82 mo of exposure, whereas the inorganic ash content of the biosolids increased from 339 to 600 g kg(-1). Total N decreased from 50 to 10 g N kg(-1) and total S decreased from 12 to 6 g S kg(-1). Bicarbonate-available P in the biosolids decreased from 0.9 to 0.2 g kg(-1). Successive H2O extractions yielded soluble P concentrations consistent with dicalcium phosphate (dical) for fresh biosolids and tricalcium phosphate (trical) for biosolids exposed for 59 months or more. Sparingly soluble phosphates, such as dical and trical, potentially yield > 0.5 mg P L(-1) in runoff waters for extended periods after biosolids applications, especially after multiple applications. Selective dissolution of the biosolids indicated that as much as 66 to 78% of P exists as iron phosphates, 16 to 21% as Fe oxides, and 5 to 12% as insoluble Ca phosphates. Chemical analyses of ash samples suggest that Cu and Zn have been lost from biosolids through leaching or runoff and no losses of Pb, Cr, or Hg have occurred since application.     

Using Satellite Imagery to Assess Large-Scale Habitat Characteristics of Adirondack Park, New York, USA

Satellite imagery is a useful tool for large-scale habitat analysis; however, its limitations need to be tested. We tested these limitations by varying the methods of a habitat evaluation for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Adirondack Park, New York, USA, utilizing harvest data to create and validate the assessment models. We used two classified images, one with a large minimum mapping unit but high accuracy and one with no minimum mapping unit but slightly lower accuracy, to test the sensitivity of the evaluation to these differences. We tested the utility of two methods of assessment, habitat suitability index modeling, and pattern recognition modeling. We varied the scale at which the models were applied by using five separate sizes of analysis windows. Results showed that the presence of a large minimum mapping unit eliminates important details of the habitat. Window size is relatively unimportant if the data are averaged to a large resolution (i.e., township), but if the data are used at the smaller resolution, then the window size is an important consideration. In the Adirondacks, the proportion of hardwood and softwood in an area is most important to the spatial dynamics of deer populations. The low occurrence of open area in all parts of the park either limits the effect of this cover type on the population or limits our ability to detect the effect. The arrangement and interspersion of cover types were not significant to deer populations.     

Monitoring, modelling and environmental exposure assessment of industrial chemicals in the aquatic environment

Monitoring and laboratory data play integral roles alongside fate and exposure models in comprehensive risk assessments. The principle in the European Union Technical Guidance Documents for risk assessment is that measured data may take precedence over model results but only after they are judged to be of adequate reliability and to be representative of the particular environmental compartments to which they are applied. In practice, laboratory and field data are used to provide parameters for the models, while monitoring data are used to validate the models' predictions. Thus, comprehensive risk assessments require the integration of laboratory and monitoring data with the model predictions. However, this interplay is often overlooked. Discrepancies between the results of models and monitoring should be investigated in terms of the representativeness of both. Certainly, in the context of the EU risk assessment of existing chemicals, the specific requirements for monitoring data have not been adequately addressed. The resources required for environmental monitoring, both in terms of manpower and equipment, can be very significant. The design of monitoring programmes to optimise the use of resources and the use of models as a cost-effective alternative are increasing in importance. Generic considerations and criteria for the design of new monitoring programmes to generate representative quality data for the aquatic compartment are outlined and the criteria for the use of existing data are discussed. In particular, there is a need to improve the accessibility to data sets, to standardise the data sets, to promote communication and harmonisation of programmes and to incorporate the flexibility to change monitoring protocols to amend the chemicals under investigation in line with changing needs and priorities.     

及时完善规章制度有效预防劳动纠纷

当前，用人单位都在认真学习理解将于2008年1月1日施行的《劳动合同法》。该法对用人单位建立和完善劳动规章制度提出了更加严格而具体的要求。那么用人单位应如何适应新的要求？本人结合工作实践，对用人单位提出五个方面的建议。