Adsorption characteristics of siloxanes in landfill gas by the adsorption equilibrium test

Due to the increase in energy cost by constantly high oil prices and the obligation to reduce greenhouse effect gases, landfill gas is frequently used as an alternative energy source for producing heat and electricity. Most of landfill gas utility facilities, however, are experiencing problems controlling siloxanes from landfill gas as their catalytic oxidizers are becoming fouled by silicon dioxide dust. To evaluate adsorption characteristics of siloxanes, an adsorption equilibrium test was conducted and parameters in the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were analyzed. Coconut activated carbon (CA1), coal activated carbon (CA2), impregnated activated carbon (CA3), silicagel (NCA1), and activated alumina (NCA2) were used for the adsorption of the mixed siloxane which contained hexamethyldisiloxane (L2), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5). L2 had higher removal efficiency in noncarbon adsorbents compared to carbon adsorbents. The application of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm demonstrated that coconut based CA1 and CA3 provided higher adsorption capacity on L2. And CA2 and NCA1 provided higher adsorption capacity on D4 and D5. Based on the experimental results, L2, D4, and D5 were converted by adsorption and desorption in noncarbon adsorbents. Adsorption affinity of siloxane is considered to be affect by the pore size distribution of the adsorbents and by the molecular size of each siloxane.     

化工企业安全管理路在何方

1998年国务院机构改革,原化工部改为国家石油和化学工业局。2001年国务院再次进行机构调整,9个国家直属工业局,改为9个行业协会。行业协会主要是为企业提供信息服务的中介组织,与企业没有行政隶属关系。改革后,行业结构经历了一番新变革,原有格局被打破。在新形势下,化工企业安全生产管理存在哪些问题,如何应对?有一系列问题需要人们认真思考。     

Reply to comments on "Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite" by Yuhshan Ho

There were several first-order kinetic equations used and cited by previous publications （Do,an et al., 2007; Eftekhari et al., 2010; Lagergren, 1898; Kannan and Sundaram, 2001;Ozcan et al., 2006）：     

Adaptation strategies of climate variability impacts on alpine grassland ecosystems in Tibetan Plateau

Northern Tibet is the headstream region for the Yangtze, Salween River, Mekong River, and numerous other inflowing rivers and high mountain lakes. Sustaining the environmental conditions in the region is of vital importance for Tibet and the whole of China. The alpine grassland ecosystem in Northern Tibet is the most important ecosystem and extremely sensitive to climate change and human activity. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of climate variability based on observed meteorological data and future climate scenarios, and reviewed the impact of climate variability and to explore adaptation strategies of alpine grassland in Northern Tibet. The result showed that the annual mean temperature has increased by 0.31 °C·10a^?1 while the annual total precipitation has increased by 14.6 mm·10a^?1 with high inter-annual and inter-seasonal fluctuations in Northern Tibet from 1961 to 2008. The rising trends of temperature and precipitation would be continued and the aridity indices showed a decreasing trend in the future, which potentially predicts that the climate in Northern Tibet becomes warmer and dryer. The climate variability results the melting of glaciers, the expansion of inland high mountain lakes and the negative impacts on alpine grassland in recent years. In order to adapt to such possible future climate changes, the alpine grassland water-saving irrigation was recommended as key adaptation measure and also rational grazing management, alpine grassland fencing and artificial grass planting were selected as adaptation measures, to lower the negative impacts of climate variability on the alpine grassland ecosystem in Northern Tibet.     

基于RS和GIS的河北省生物丰度和植被覆盖度归一化系数研究

利用河北省生态环境十年变化（2000—2010）遥感调查与评估项目2010年土地利用类型数据,计算河北省2010年省级生物丰度和植被覆盖指数归一化系数,并对各县市的归一化系数进行分析和研究,绘制2010年河北省生物丰度和植被覆盖指数等级图,清晰反映出全省的区域分布特征,为河北省生态环境影响评价研究提供技术支撑。     

河南省人员密集场所建设工程抗震设防标准研究

汶川地震后,学校、医院等人员密集场所要按照高于本地区的抗震设防烈度进行抗震设防,常用的50年超越概率10％的抗震设防标准不能满足需求。本文基于《中国地震动参数区划图》,在河南省范围内,选择了已开展过工程场地地震安全性评价工作的50个场点,设计了两套概率水准,对每个场点进行地震危险性,借用每个场点50年超越概率100k的场地放大系数,计算各超越概率水准下的地面峰值加速度。通过对结果进行分析统计,综合确定河南省人员密集场所的抗震设防标准。     

省级环境保护规划引入第三方评估的分析及建议

为进一步提升省级环境保护规划评估的公开透明程度和技术水平,也为了丰富省级环境保护规划评估的技术手段,有必要在省级环境保护规划的实施情况的评估工作中引入第三方评估。文章在对第三方评估存在的优缺点和实际操作中可能存在的问题进行分析的基础上,提出以下建议:全面加强第三方评估制度的建设;制定第三方评估任务范式合同及相关技术标准;明确被评估机构和人员在评估过程中的权责;参与省级环境保护规划评估的相关组织和机构应加大评估专业技术的学习和研究,提升评估技术水平。     

高空飞行的环境影响研究进展

航空运输业的高速发展的同时,环境问题亦不容小觑。民航是我国重要的交通运输方式之一,但我国民航运输业对于高空飞行对环境的影响的研究却很少。航空器巡航阶段属于高空飞行,占整个飞行时间的80%,因飞行距离长,距离地面高,所带来的温室效应具有放大效果,引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。文章概述了高空飞行的危害,认为CO_2排放和凝结尾生成是大气温室效应的直接污染源,进而对国内外典型的高空飞行影响评估模型进行阐述,并分析研究了高空飞行的温室效应防治措施。     

ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程在我国典型地区的适用性研究

目的对ISO 9223—2012标准中碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程在我国的适用性进行验证。方法利用我国典型沿海地区、盐渍区、工业污染区的碳钢大气腐蚀数据和同期环境数据,分析碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测值和实测值之间的差异,验证ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程在我国的适用性。结果根据ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程,利用气温、相对湿度、二氧化硫沉积速率、氯离子沉积速率四项环境因素数据预测碳钢第一年大气腐蚀速率,在我国12个典型地区的预测效果较好,R^2达到0.90。根据预测值划分的腐蚀等级与实测值划分结果一致性好。结论 ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程适用于我国大气环境,预测方程中氯离子沉积速率数据可以直接采用挂片法数据。     

不同形态磺胺类药物在根-土界面的空间分布及毒性评价

采用化学分析和发光细菌检测相结合的方法,研究了磺胺类药物在作物根-土界面的形态分布及生态毒性.结果表明,磺胺类药物在根际土壤中主要以水溶态的形式存在,远根区则以有机溶剂可提取态为主要形态.3种形态磺胺类药物对明亮发光细菌的相对发光抑制率均小于30%,表现为低毒性.不同形态磺胺类药物对明亮发光菌表现的生态毒性不同,有机溶剂可提取态对明亮发光细菌的毒性最大,水溶态次之,结合态毒性最小.根际区水溶态的含量及其对明亮发光细菌的相对毒性抑制率大于远根区,而有机溶剂可提取态和结合态的含量及其对明亮发光细菌的相对毒性抑制率则小于远根区.