Change of air quality and its impact on atmospheric visibility in central-western Pearl River Delta

Ambient air quality data, including atmospheric visibility, of Foshan city, a highly polluted city in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), and data obtained by the On-line Air Pollutant Exhaust Monitoring Network (OAPEMN), recently established by the National Emission Monitoring and Control Network for major industrial enterprises, were analyzed and are reported here for the first time, revealing the change in air pollution patterns and its impact on visibility degradation in the last decade. Reduced visibility of less than 8 km (after elimination of rainy and foggy periods) was found 22% of the time from 1998 to 2008, accompanied by elevated levels of pollutants, especially SO₂ and PM₁₀, in comparison with that of other developed cities. However, PM₁₀ showed a steady decreasing trend (0.004 mg m^???3 year^???1) during 2001?C2008, in contrast to the noticeable increase in ambient NO₂ concentrations from ~0.020 mg m^???3 before 2005 to above 0.050 mg m^???3 afterward. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the percentage of reduced visibility strongly correlated with PM₁₀ concentration, suggesting that visibility degradation was directly proportional to the loading of particles. Moreover, the fairly significant correlation between reduced visibility and NO₂ concentration also implied that the impact of primary emissions of NO₂ and enhanced secondary pollutants, formed via photochemical processes in the atmosphere, could not be ignored. The decreased PM₁₀ levels were obviously the predominant factor for the improvement in visibility (5.0% per 0.01 mg m^???3) and were likely due to the implementation of stricter air pollution control measures for industrial exhaust, which also resulted in reduced SO₂ pollution levels in the recent 2 years. In particular, the OAPEMN records showed an overall enhanced SO₂ removal by 64% in major industrial sectors. The continuous increase in road traffic and lack of efficient NO _x control strategies in the PRD region, however, caused an increase in ambient NO₂ concentrations.     

High removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from black-odorous water using a novel aeration-adsorption system

Black-odorous waters are an increasingly common phenomenon characterized by excessive levels of nutrients, the formation of metal sufide precipitates, volatile sulfurous compounds, low dissolved oxygen and high chemical oxygen demand. Black-odorous waters frequently occur in lake and river systems where inputs have restricted circulation. The key remediation issue is the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Here, we present a novel aeration-adsorption system using fiber balls and we study treatment parameters and removal mechanism. Kinetics and changes of the solid phase were followed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Results show complete removal of ammonia N, initially at 31 mg/L, and 92.8% removal of total nitrogen, initially at 29 mg/L, after a 24 h reaction time at pH 9.67. At pH 5.67 and 9.67, total phosphorus and phosphate could be significantly reduced by 90–92% at 3.2–5.2 mg/L after 24 h. Treatment met China’s integrated wastewater discharge standards, demonstrating an effective and robust treatment capability. First-order and second-order kinetic models provided a good fit to the treatment data, indicating physical and chemical adsorption were involved in the treatment reactions. The reaction mechanism involved hydrogen substitution and binding to oxygen. These results present a cost effective and robust approach for the removal of N and P from black, odorous water, providing opportunity to abate environmental contamination.

     

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using Garcinia extracts: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The demand for nanoparticles has been increasing rapidly in recent years due to their unique properties of interest for a wide range of applications. Several...     

Energy-water-climate governance from interdisciplinary perspectives

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

Dynamic pollution emission prediction method of a combined heat and power system based on the hybrid CNN-LSTM model and attention mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Combined thermal power (CHP) production mode plays a more important role in energy production, but the impact of its pollutant emission on the natural...     

基于网络的电除尘器实时在线可控监测技术

主要论述基于网络的电除尘器分布式可控监测系统的构架。简述了它的运行模式，并综合利用计算机网络，监测，控制等多顶技术，给出了软件的设计流程。     

基于可达、可行、可接受的全面小康社会环境目标研究

基于2020年我国经济社会发展情景,开展环境目标与其他目标发展协调性分析,认为环境指标负向发展突出,是全面小康社会的短板和最大制约因素。从需求侧和供给侧分析小康社会环境目标的政治、公众需求与政府的供给条件、基础和能力,通过新常态资源环境压力分析与环境质量改善国际对标研究,认为我国在社会经济发展方式转型尚未完成、环境治理投入没有持续明显提升的情况下,大幅度、全面改善环境质量还存在很大障碍。提出全面小康的环境目标定位应以环境质量为核心,响应公众对环境质量改善的期待;合理看待小康社会的历史定位,制定阶段性目标;把握生态环境可达、经济技术可行、人民群众可接受的平衡,综合确定全面小康社会的环境底线。全面小康环境目标设置应体现保底线、全覆盖、诉民生、有标杆等原则。     

污染地下水的健康风险评估研究进展与启示

我国污染地下水的健康风险评估处于起步阶段,虽然已经发布了《污染场地风险评估技术导则》(HJ25.3-2014),但相关的理论和技术方法仍不成熟。根据国内外地下水健康风险评估的研究进展,同时总结了常用的评估模型(NAS四步法、RAGS模型、RBCA模型、多介质模型),为合理借鉴国外评估模型提供指导,并为我国进一步开展地下水健康风险评估提出建议:评估指南、标准以及模型的完善;地下水筛选值的制定;参数本地化。     

电子鼻预处理装置的开发及适用性研究

针对气敏传感器的信号响应受气体湿度影响较大的问题,开发了一套用于快速检测和实时监测土壤中挥发性氯代烃污染的电子鼻的预处理装置.优选了干燥剂的材质,评价了最适干燥剂的除湿性能和对氯代烃化合物的吸附情况;把预处理装置与电子鼻联用,通过与气相色谱（GC）检测结果的比较,评价了其用于土壤通风净化过程监测的适用情况.结果表明：①以无水氯化钙和卤代烃分离管搭配组合的干燥装置效果最佳,湿度去除率达99%以上,电子鼻各传感器的基线值与对照组接近;②上述干燥剂连续通入湿度为75%的空气,90 min内湿度几乎可完全去除,120 min内湿度去除率保持在95%以上,对传感器的基线影响较小.③预处理装置未造成检测气体的吸附损耗,通入干燥预处理装置前后的挥发性氯代烃气体浓度差异只有3%～5%;④在土壤通风脱附过程的检测中,通气湿度98%以上的情况下,预处理装置在120 min内对湿度去除率达99%以上;电子鼻与GC对四氯乙烯污染物的检测结果线性拟合判定系数R2〉0.99（n=18）,表明配以干燥预处理装置的电子鼻能够较好地适用于土壤修复过程监测.     

Toward ecological function zoning and comparison to the Ecological Redline Policy: a case study in the Poyang Lake Region,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Faced with huge environmental problems of ecosystem degradation, “Ecological Redline Policy (ERP)” in China is a new key national-level...