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631.
为了给河涌疏浚底泥的资源化提供技术支持,以广州市车陂涌表层受污染底泥为研究对象,用水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、膨润土等材料对底泥进行固化/稳定化处理实验。通过无侧限抗压强度、污染物在模拟自然条件下(中性)的释放特征、毒性浸出实验(酸性条件)对固化/稳定化处理效果进行综合分析。结果表明:经合适的处理后,固化体抗压强度能高于300 kPa;固化体自然条件下重金属的释放量明显减少,固化/稳定化处理能够有效减缓和减少固化体的二次污染;毒性浸出实验结果表明,河涌底泥经固化/稳定化处理后其重金属浸出能力显著降低。 相似文献
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为了实现钱江隧道盾构废弃泥浆的无害化处理,对盾构废弃的砂土泥浆和粘土泥浆分别进行混凝分离的实验条件研究,结果表明:对于砂土泥浆,密度为1.20 g/cm3有利于实现高效的泥水分离;PAM作为絮凝剂的分离效果最好;混凝分离的最优化分离条件为:投药量为150 mg/L,pH为8左右,水力条件为以300 r/min搅拌1 min,再以80 r/min搅拌20 min。对于粘土泥浆,密度为1.10 g/cm3有利于实现高效的泥水分离;PAM作为絮凝剂的分离效果最好;混凝分离的最优化分离条件为:投药量为150 mg/L,pH为6左右,水力条件为以300 r/min搅拌1 min,再以80 r/min搅拌20 min。该实验为废弃泥浆的进一步处理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Torkzaban S Kim Y Mulvihill M Wan J Tokunaga TK 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2010,118(3-4):208-217
Comprehensive understanding of the transport and deposition of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in subsurface is required to assess their potential negative impact on the environment. We studied the deposition behavior of functionalized quantum dot (QD) NPs (CdTe) in different types of sands (Accusand, ultrapure quartz, and iron-coated sand) at various solution ionic strengths (IS). The observed transport behavior in ultrapure quartz and iron-coated sand was consistent with conventional colloid deposition theories. However, our results from the Accusand column showed that deposition was minimal at the lowest IS (1mM) and increased significantly as the IS increased. The effluent breakthrough occurred with a delay, followed by a rapid rise to the maximum normalized concentration of unity. Negligible deposition in the column packed with ultrapure quartz sand (100mM) and Accusand (1mM) rules out the effect of straining and suggests the importance of surface charge heterogeneity in QD deposition in Accusand at higher IS. Data analyses further show that only a small fraction of sand surface area contributed in QD deposition even at the highest IS (100mM) tested. The observed delay in breakthrough curves of QDs was attributed to the fast diffusive mass transfer rate of QDs from bulk solution to the sand surface and QD mass transfer on the solid phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were used to examine the morphology and elemental composition of sand grains. It was observed that there were regions on the sand covered with layers of clay particles. EDX spectra collected from these regions revealed that Si and Al were the major elements suggesting that the clay particles were kaolinite. Additional batch experiments using gold NPs and SEM analysis were performed and it was observed that the gold NPs were only deposited on clay particles originally on the Accusand surface. After removing the clays from the sand surface, we observed negligible QD deposition even at 100mM IS. We proposed that nanoscale charge heterogeneities on clay particles on Accusand surface played a key role in QD deposition. It was shown that the value of solution IS determined the extent to which the local heterogeneities participated in particle deposition. 相似文献
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The aim of this work was to evaluate effects of endophytic bacterium inoculation on plant growth and assess the possible mechanism of endophyte in heavy metal phytoremediation. Seeds of Solanum nigrum L. were inoculated with endophyte Serratia nematodiphila LRE07 and were subjected to Cd in the growing medium. Cd produced a significant inhibition on plant growth and a reduction in the content of photosynthetic pigments. The inoculation of endophytic bacterium alleviated the Cd-induced changes, resulting in more biomass production and higher photosynthetic pigments content of leaves compared with non-symbiotic ones. The beneficial effect was more obvious at relatively low Cd concentration (10 μM). Based on the alteration of nutrient uptake and activated oxygen metabolism in infected plants, the possible mechanisms of endophytic bacterium in Cd phytotoxicity reduction can be concluded as uptake enhancement of essential mineral nutrition and improvement in the antioxidative enzymes activities in infected plant. 相似文献
640.
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation of pentachlorophenol (PCP)-contaminated soil is difficult because PCP dissociates at different pH values along soil column and shows different transport behaviors near anode and cathode. In the present study, a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) filled with reactive Pd/Fe particles was installed between anode and cathode to reach the dechlorination of PCP during its EK movement. When PRB was installed at the position of 0.3 (normalized distance from anode), PCP in the section from anode to PRB could transport through PRB, while PCP in the section from cathode to PRB was accumulated near PRB. PCP was hardly dechlorinated by PRB wherein high pH was reached. When PRB was installed at the position of 0.5 and the pH in the PRB was decreased by periodical injection of HAc, 49% of PCP was removed, and 22.9% was recovered as phenol which was mostly collected in catholyte. The mechanism of PCP removal was proposed as the EK movement of PCP into the PRB compartment, the complete dechlorination of PCP to phenol by Pd/Fe in the PRB compartment, and the subsequent removal of phenol by electroosmosis. This study proved that the combination of electrokinetics and Pd/Fe PRB was effective for the remediation of PCP-contaminated soil. 相似文献