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排序方式: 共有106条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
51.
52.
Dealing with electronic waste: modeling the costs and environmental benefits of computer monitor disposal 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The importance of information technology to the world economy has brought about a surge in demand for electronic equipment. With rapid technological change, a growing fraction of the increasing stock of many types of electronics becomes obsolete each year. We model the costs and benefits of policies to manage 'e-waste' by focusing on a large component of the electronic waste stream-computer monitors-and the environmental concerns associated with disposal of the lead embodied in cathode ray tubes (CRTs) used in most monitors. We find that the benefits of avoiding health effects associated with CRT disposal appear far outweighed by the costs for a wide range of policies. For the stock of monitors disposed of in the United States in 1998, we find that policies restricting or banning some popular disposal options would increase disposal costs from about US dollar 1 per monitor to between US dollars 3 and US dollars 20 per monitor. Policies to promote a modest amount of recycling of monitor parts, including lead, can be less expensive. In all cases, however, the costs of the policies exceed the value of the avoided health effects of CRT disposal. 相似文献
53.
Peroxidases and other lignin‐degrading enzymes and chemicals can potentially degrade persistent pollutants. Fifty vascular plant species were hydroponically tested for the capability of decolorization of Poly R‐478, a lignolytic indicator dye. The top six species that had less than 50 percent of control color at the end of the experiments were Pennisetum purpureum, Rumex crispus, Fimbristylis cymosa, Eleocharis calva, Hibiscus furcellatus, and Cyperus javanicus, in an order from high to low decolorization activity. F. cymosa, E. calva, and C. javanicus are in the Cyperaceae family. Extracellular peroxidase activity was found in vascular plants and correlated to decolorization of polymeric dyes. The plant R. crispus provided the highest guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity among four of the top six plant species. The Poly R‐478 decolorization could be used as a fast screening technique for vascular plants that may have phytoremediation capability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
54.
Although the reuse of bottom ash has been favored gradually, reflected on regulations and researches, the associated risk is still an issue of great concern. This study quantified the health risks from multimedia transport and multi-pathway exposure to the concerned chemicals as a result of reusing bottom ash in road paving with consideration of various application scenarios. In particular, the using duration of the pavement was taken into consideration because movement of chemicals in the soils and groundwater would affect the subsequent exposure and risk. By using soil and groundwater transport modeling linked to food chain exposure assessment and incorporating the Monte Carlo method, the study identified Cr as the crucial toxicant and ingestion of drinking water and vegetables as the key exposure pathways. Furthermore, control of the using duration of road pavement is an essential factor of management and regulations to minimize the leaching of the hazardous constituents into the groundwater and subsequent contamination of food chain. 相似文献
55.
56.
Introduction
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle powders have been extensively studied to quickly photodegrade some organic pollutants; however, the effect of the particle size of TiO2 nanoparticle aggregates on degradation remains unclear because microscale aggregates form once the nanoparticle powders enter into water.Methods
The degradation of azo dye by different particle sizes of TiO2 nanoparticle aggregates controlled by NaCl concentrations was investigated to evaluate the particle size effect. Removal reactions of reactive black 5 (RB5) with TiO2 nanoparticles followed pseudo-first-order kinetics.Results
The increase of TiO2 dosage from 40 to 70?mg/L enhanced the degradation. At doses around 100?mg/L TiO2, degradation rates decreased which could be the result of poor UV light transmittance at high-particle concentrations. At average particle sizes of TiO2 nanopowders less than around 500?nm, the degradation rates increased with decreasing particle size. As the average particle size exceeded 500?nm, the degradation rates were not significantly changed.Conclusions
For the complete degradation experiments, the mineralization rates of total organic carbon disappearance are generally following the RB5 decolorization kinetic trend. These findings can facilitate the application of TiO2 nanoparticles to the design of photodegradation treatments for wastewater. 相似文献57.
Yu-Huei Peng Yang-hsin Shih Yen-Chun Lai Yuan-Zan Liu Ying-Tong Liu Nai-Chun Lin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9529-9537
The increasing usage and the persistence of polyester polyurethane (PU) generate significant sources of environmental pollution. The effective and environmental friendly bioremediation techniques for this refractory waste are in high demand. In this study, three novel PU degrading bacteria were isolated from farm soils and activated sludge. Based upon 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence blast, their identities were determined. Particularly robust activity was observed in Pseudomonas putida; it spent 4 days to degrade 92 % of Impranil DLNTM for supporting its growth. The optimum temperature and pH for DLN removal by P. putida were 25 °C and 8.4, respectively. The degradation and transformation of DLN investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy show the decrease in ester functional group and the emergence of amide group. The polyurethanolytic activities were both presented in the extracellular fraction and in the cytosol. Esterase activity was detected in the cell lysate. A 45-kDa protein bearing polyurethanolytic activity was also detected in the extracellular medium. This study presented high PU degrading activity of P. putida and demonstrated its responsible enzymes during the PU degradation process, which could be applied in the bioremediation and management of plastic wastes. 相似文献
58.
Chen Yu-Cheng Tsai Perng-Jy Wang Lin-Chi Shih Minliang Lee Wen-Jhy 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):759-769
Background, aim, and scope
This study developed an integrated approach to identify pollutant sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) of workers based on their blood contents. 相似文献59.
Tsung-Jen Shih Cheng-Yu Lin 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2017,11(6):840-858
Although there is increasing public awareness of global warming, there is a gap between such perception and relevant actions to combat the problem. In order to develop effective strategies for facilitating public actions, in this paper we draw upon framing theory and a dual processing model. Based on an experiment involving 261 participants from a large public university in Taiwan, this study found that by framing global warming as a local issue, communication messages can trigger both analytic (issue relevance) and affective (negative emotions) appraisals, which, in turn, will increase people's intentions to take actions. This study provides important insights for government and environmental groups when designing communication campaigns on this issue. 相似文献
60.
Bayantong Allen Rhay B. Shih Yu-Jen Dong Cheng-Di Garcia-Segura Sergi de Luna Mark Daniel G. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(5):5472-5481
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nanocomposite materials can enhance the capabilities of water treatment processes such as photocatalysis. In this work, novel light-driven... 相似文献