铁炭内电解法处理染料废水的试验

文章采用铁屑一活性炭内电解法作为光合细菌生化处理染料废水的预处理方法，考查了3个主要影响因素（铁炭比、停留时间、初始pH值）。结果表明，最佳的处理条件为：铁炭比为7：3，pH值为5，停留时间为60min。在上述最佳处理条件下，对初始COD为6790mg／L的染料废水处理效率可以达到66．1％，并且废水经预处理后可生化性得到大大提高，有利于后续生化处理的进行。     

内电解组合工艺处理重度富营养化水体的初步中试试验

采用催化铁内电解-沸石床-生物活性炭组合工艺进行了处理重度富营养化水的中试试验.通过对进水与出水浊度、TP、CODMn、UV254、总铁、NH3-N、和NO2--N的监测,研究了本组合工艺对重度富营养化水体的处理性能.试验期间,水温约在10℃.初步结果表明,本组合工艺对浊度、TP、CODMn和UV254均有较好的去除作用,平均去除率达到50%以上,出水中铁含量均低于进水.由于水温过低,未观察到氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的明显变化.     

兰州市城市生活垃圾处理研究

城市生活垃圾是指在城市日常生活中或者为城市日常生活提供服务的活动中产生的固体废物以及法律、行政规定视为城市生活垃圾的固体废弃物.随着中国城市化进程的加快和人民生活水平的提高,城市生活垃圾也在以每年8%～10%的速度增长,若垃圾问题得不到妥善解决,就会制约兰州市的发展.在对兰州市城市生活垃圾处理现状及存在问题分析的基础上,根据兰州市生活垃圾的特性,提出兰州市城市生活垃圾的处理办法:兰州市城市生活垃圾应当推行分类收集制度,由目前单一的卫生填埋处理走向资源化综合处理.     

电厂噪声的监测与防治

噪声是环境污染的一个重要方面,它危害人体健康.电厂噪声也不容忽视,本文将对电厂噪声的监测和防治作一简要说明.根据规定,火电厂环境监测的监测项目为厂区、生活区环境噪声,在接近发电负荷时每年监测一次.监测时,在电厂总平面图上,将厂区生活区划分为等距离的网格.监测噪声的基本仪器是声级计.电厂噪声的防治措施有:在设计中充分考虑噪声的控制问题;加装消声设备;集中控制关键设备及位置的噪声;选择优质吸音与隔音材料;合理布置并增大绿化面积等.     

过氧化氢催化氧化难降解废水的研究

文章以过氧化氢为氧化剂,以γ-Al2O3为载体采用浸渍法制得不同金属含量的九种催化剂进行催化氧化实验,并优选出以5.0%Co、2.5?(质量百分含量)催化剂CODcr去除率较好,并确定此催化剂在常温常压下,反应时间为30 min,pH=6,氧化剂用量为30g/L时,CODcr的去除率最高为83%,这样不仅提高了BOD5/CODcr值,而且有利于后续生化处理,减轻后续处理装置负荷.     

我校建立灾害经济学学科的重要性

本文回顾了灾害经济学的发展历程,分析了灾害经济学的理论框架及与其他学科的关系,从经济学的角度阐述了建立这一学科的必要性,并探讨了建立这一学科的基础条件.全文从经济学的角度阐述了建立这一学科的必要性.并探讨了建立这一学科所要研究的理论知识.     

发现式学习与新课程改革

布鲁纳在20世纪60年代以结构主义理论为基础领导了美国的课程改革运动.虽然此次课程改革以失败而告终,但是发现式学习方法及其教学方法的提出却受到了广泛的关注.布鲁纳也曾就发现式学习进行了专门的论述.本文从发现式学习法的特点、作用出发来探求我国目前正在进行的第八轮新课程改革,试图为我国新课程改革中学习、教学方法的改革提供一个新的视角.     

隔油沉淀-预曝调节-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理屠宰加工废水

对屠宰加工过程中产生的中高浓度有机废水采用预曝调节-接触氧化-气浮工艺进行处理。当进水COD浓度为980~1200mg/L时,出水COD浓度可降至76.1~104mg/L,优于国家《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》(GB13457-92)二级标准,此工艺的抗冲击负荷能力较强,适应于间歇性生产和季节性生产的屠宰加工企业。     

Markov reliability model research of monitoring process in digital main control room of nuclear power plant

Monitoring process is an important part in a high safety digital main control room of nuclear power plant (NPP), it is the source extracted information and found abnormal information in time. As the human factors events arisen from monitoring process recently take place more and more frequent, the authors propose a reliability Markov model to effectively decrease these abnormal events. The model mainly analyzes next monitoring object probability in terms of current information and plant state. The authors divide digital human–machine interface into two parts that are referred as logical homogeneous Markov and logical heterogeneous Markov. For the former, a series of methods of probability evaluation are proposed, such as, Markov transition probability with condition, probability distributed function with human factors, system state and alarm; for the latter, the authors propose the calculation of probability of correlation degree between last time and next time and probability calculation methods with multi-father nodes. The methods can effectively estimate the transition probability from a monitoring component to next monitoring component at time t, can effectively analyze which information is more important in next monitoring process and effectively find more useful information in time t + 1, so that the human factors events in monitoring process can greatly be decreased.     

Chemical forms and ecological risk of arsenic in the sediment of the Daliao River System in China

The chemical forms and ecological risk of As were characterized in the sediment of the Daliao River System (DRS), which has been affected by long-term intensive industrial, urban, and agricultural activities. Twenty-seven samples of surface sediment were collected and analyzed for total As content and that of its chemical forms. The results indicated that the average total As content in the sediment was 9.83 mg kg^− 1 but that the levels ranged from 1.57 to 83.09 mg kg^− 1. At the sites near cities, mining sites, and the estuary of the DRS, it is likely that adverse effects on aquatic organisms occur, due to As levels in the sediment that are often higher than the threshold effect level and occasionally higher than the probable effect level. A selectively sequential extraction indicated that the majority of As in the sediment was bound to Fe oxides (62.1%), with moderate proportions of residual As (19.8%), specifically adsorbed As (17.9%), and a low proportion of non-specifically adsorbed As (1.1%). In addition, the content of Fe in the sediment was positively and significantly correlated with the contents of amorphous and crystalline Fe oxide-bound As, confirming the crucial role of Fe oxides in immobilizing high amounts of As in superficial environments. The average molar ratio of As to Fe was 1.18 × 10^− 4 in the surface sediment of the DRS, similar to that of natural Fe oxides, but much lower than that of synthesized Schwertmannite. Therefore, the release of As under reduced and low pH conditions can cause serious problems for water resources and for living organisms.