Explanation of heavy metal pollution in coal mines of china from the perspective of coal gangue geochemical characteristics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the process of coal gangue surface accumulation and underground filling disposal, the heavy metals contained in coal gangue will inevitably...     

Applicability of LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain with glutaraldehyde fixation for the measurement of bacterial abundance and viability in rainwater

Rainwater contains substantial bacteria and rain is an efficient pathway for the dissemination of bacteria from the atmosphere to land and water surfaces.However,quantitative information on rainwater bacteria is very limited due to the lack of a reliable method.In this study,the epifluorescence microscopy enumeration with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit stain was verified to quantify the abundance of viable and non-viable bacterial cells in rainwater,with the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) stain for the reference of total cell counts.Results showed that the total counts of bacterial cells by LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining were consistent with those by DAPI staining,and the average detection efficiency was(109 ± 29)%.The ratio of cell count with glutaraldehyde fixation to that without fixation was(106 ± 5)%on average.The bacterial concentration in negative control was usually an order of magnitude lower than that in rainwater samples.However,in case of small precipitation,the abundance in negative control could be more than that in rainwater samples.These results indicate that the enumeration with LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability assay coupled with glutaraldehyde fixation and careful negative control investigation is an approach applicable to the measurement of the concentration and viability of bacterial cells in rainwater.     

Construction of vesicle CdSe nano-semiconductors photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic activity: Enhanced photo induced carriers separation efficiency and mechanism insight

Visible-light-driven photocatalysis as a green technology has attracted a lot of attention due to its potential applications in environmental remediation. Vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor photocatalyst are successfully prepared by a gas template method and characterized by a variety of methods. The vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductors display enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride, the photodegradation rate of78.824% was achieved by vesicle Cd Se, which exhibited an increase of 31.779% compared to granular Cd Se. Such an exceptional photocatalytic capability can be attributed to the unique structure of the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor with enhanced light absorption ability and excellent carrier transport capability. Meanwhile, the large surface area of the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor can increase the contact probability between catalyst and target and provide more surface-active centers. The photocatalytic mechanisms are analyzed by active species quenching. It indicates that h+and UO_2~-are the main active species which play a major role in catalyzing environmental toxic pollutants. Simultaneously, the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor had high efficiency and stability.     

In-situ synthesis of TiO2 rutile/anatase heterostructure by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature and thickness effect of outermost rutile layer on photocatalysis

TiO_2 rutile/anatase heterostructure thin films with varying rutile thickness have been in-situ synthesized via DC magnetron sputtering with Ar gas at room temperature. The crystal texture, surface morphology, energy gap and optical properties of the films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction meter, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction meter, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV–visible spectrophotometer, which indicates that the rutile/anatase heterostructure films are successfully fabricated. The further degradation experiments display that the photocatalytic activity can be dramatically affected by the thickness of the outmost rutile layer and the 100 nm thickness exhibits the best performance in all of the TiO_2 thin films. With the increase of the outmost rutile layer, the optical band gap of TiO_2 film displays a systematic decrease slightly. However,the change in photocatalytic activity does not coincide with that in the band gap. The photoresponse and electrochemical properties of the thin films have been characterized to understand the mechanism of the varied photocatalytic activity.     

海洋功能区划保留区管控要求解析及政策建议

本文基于保留区选划的原因和分类,结合新一轮全国和省级海洋功能区划编制,汇总和比较全国、省级保留区管控规定,分析了目前各省保留区个数、面积、岸线长度、离岸距离等设置情况。据此,依据保留区内涵将保留区划分为五类,即功能待定区、发展预留区、整治修复预留区、保护缓冲区以及特殊功能预留区,分别提出五类保留区的使用管理要求和环境保护要求。最后,文章从保留区用海现状处理方式、开发利用条件、用海活动管理等方面提出政策建议。总体来说,保留区不允许随意利用但并不完全禁止利用,在不改变海域自然属性的前提下,当用海活动符合保留区用途及环境保护要求,不影响周边海域功能正常发挥的情况下允许进行开发利用。     

氮氟掺杂二氧化钛(N,F-TiO2)的制备及可见光催化活性的研究

以氨水为氮源,氢氟酸为氟源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮氟掺杂二氧化钛(N,F-TiO2)光催化剂,并通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)技术对其晶型和形态进行表征.最后以酸性红B为模型污染物,探讨了N和F加入量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、照射时间、催化剂用量、溶液初始浓度和照射功率等因素对N,F-TiO2可见光催化活性的影响.结果表明,制备的N,F-TiO2以锐钛型为主,N和F的掺杂对TiO2的晶相没有明显改变,但可以扩大TiO2的可见光响应范围.当N和F的加入量均为2.0%,且在500℃下焙烧40 min时,得到的N,F-TiO2的可见光催化活性明显高于单N或单F掺杂的TiO2(N-TiO2或F-TiO2).对于50 mL浓度为10.0 mg·L-1的酸性红B溶液,当催化剂加入量为1.5 g·L-1,128W光照3.0 h,溶液pH=5.6时,去除率为85.40%.适当延长光照时间至4.0 h,降解率几乎可达100%.另外,研究还证明了N,F-TiO2催化可见光降解过程中有.OH自由基生成.     

潜流人工湿地处理农村生活污水动力学研究

考察潜流人工湿地处理农村生活污水的运行效果,并探寻一级动力学常数的空间变化情况,采用"厌氧调节池+二级串联潜流式人工湿地"工艺处理农村生活污水。结果表明,经过3个月运行后人工湿地对污水中COD、TP、TN和NH3-N的去除率分别达到了79.13%,71.54%,57.26%和60.01%。通过湿地原位检测显示以上各类污染物在生物床内都有较明显的沿程下降趋势,在床体的前半部分污染物的降解较快,后半部分相对缓慢。农村生活污水中污染物去除动力学符合一级动力学模型,一级生物床中COD、TP、TN和NH3-N的去除,Kv均值分别为3.048、2.469、1.625和1.695;二级生物床中Kv均值分别为2.542、1.946、1.383和1.453。生物床Kv呈现出减小的趋势说明生物床前端对各类污染物的降解速率比后端快。生物床间的跌水池的复氧,增加了二级生物床前端的Kv,提高了对污染物的降解速率。     

以废弃耐火材料制备再生料研究的新进展

综述了废弃耐火材料再生利用的情况,主要介绍了国内对废弃镁铬砖、废弃镁碳砖、废弃铝镁碳砖、废弃镁钙砖、废弃滑板砖、废弃鱼雷罐砖等的再生利用研究成果与再生耐火材料的性能.结果表明,再生耐火材料的性能可以达到新产品水平.对废弃耐火材料的再生利用,可以有效地降低生产成本,同时也能减少对环境的污染,既带来了经济效益,也带来了社会效益.在此基础上,展望了废弃耐火材料今后的发展趋势.     

论污染物排放的季节性总量控制

今年国务院颁布的《大气污染防治国十条》再次揭示了我国环境污染的严峻现状。虽然规制措施不断严苛,但也存在诸多未曾虑及的方面,季节性总量控制就是其一。我国的季节性污染事件频发,也正表明我国亟需展开对污染物排放的季节性控制。我国大部分地区属于季风气候,夏、冬两季水与大气环境条件区分明显,这也给实施季节性污染物控制提供了条件。而在浓度控制基础上对水和大气污染物质进行季节性总量控制就显示出了合理性。     

基于HSE作业指导卡的风险精细管控模式

结合胜利油田电力生产实际,提出了基于HSE作业指导卡的风险精细管控模式,介绍了HSE作业指导卡的格式内容、工作流程和实施效果。