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901.
Yu-Yang Long Li-Fang Hu Jing Wang Cheng-Ran Fang Ruo He Dong-Sheng Shen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1539-1546
Purpose
To protect the environmental quality of soil, groundwater, and surface water near the landfill site, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment of the heavy metal mobility. This study aims to present the bio-immobilization behavior of heavy metals in landfill and provide some reference suggestion for the manipulation of heavy metal pollution control after closure. 相似文献902.
903.
以祖山为例,阐述了崩塌地质灾害的机理、特征和现状,并利用传递系数法对崩塌稳定性进行了计算和评价,采用削方卸载、修建抗崩塌挡土墙、构筑排水沟与格构等工程设施的防治对策及工程措施,取得了预期的效果。 相似文献
904.
土壤侵蚀是一种危害严重、分布范围广的生态环境问题,影响人与自然的和谐共存,以及各业生产的可持续发展。通过分析秦皇岛市土壤侵蚀特点、原因,提出综合治理土壤侵蚀的对策和措施,以期为今后该区土壤侵蚀防治与治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
905.
Qing Zhao Kebin He Kenneth A. Rahn Yongliang Ma Fumo Yang Fengkui Duan 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(21-22):2615-2624
Depletion of Si in transported dust has been recognized for many years. It can be used to distinguish between transported and local dust in cities, although it rarely has been. Here we use the variations of the Si/Al ratio in 15 months of continuous PM2.5 samples at Beijing (northern China) and Chongqing (southwestern China) to reveal the seasonal patterns of their dust sources. For both cities, peaks of concentration for Si and Al in PM2.5 corresponded with minima of Si/Al, and could often be linked to pulsed air flow from deserts to the northwest. With significant depletion (up to 80%) and homogeneous distribution at urban and rural sites, Si/Al showed a clear seasonal evolution, which decreased from spring to summer, increased from fall to winter, and collapsed during Chinese Spring Festival, indicating the dominance of transported dust, local fugitive dust and firework influence, respectively. The low ratios implied that desert dust is a common source during spring at Chongqing, whereas its presence during cold season at Beijing was also more frequent than expected. Failing to recognize the depletion of Si may lead to an overestimate of desert dust by 15%–65% when using the average abundance of Al in crust (6%–8%), as in previous studies. The difference in Si/Al ratio between local and transported dust implies that >60% of the dust at Beijing came from outside the city during the springs of 2004–2006. This result can help resolve the contradictory findings on this topic that have been presented earlier. 相似文献
906.
Guofeng Shen Wei Wang Yifeng Yang Chen Zhu Yujia Min Miao Xue Junnan Ding Wei Li Bin Wang Huizhong Shen Rong Wang Xilong Wang Shu Tao 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(39):5237-5243
Coal consumption is one important contributor to energy production, and is regarded as one of the most important sources of air pollutants that have considerable impacts on human health and climate change. Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal combustion were studied in a typical stove. Emission factors (EFs) of 16 EPA priority PAHs from tested coals ranged from 6.25 ± 1.16 mg kg?1 (anthracite) to 253 ± 170 mg kg?1 (bituminous), with NAP and PHE dominated in gaseous and particulate phases, respectively. Size distributions of particulate phase PAHs from tested coals showed that they were mostly associated with particulate matter (PM) with size either between 0.7 and 2.1 μm or less than 0.4 μm (PM0.4). In the latter category, not only were more PAHs present in PM0.4, but also contained higher fractions of high molecular weight PAHs. Generally, there were more than 89% of total particulate phase PAHs associated with PM2.5. Gas-particle partitioning of freshly emitted PAHs from residential coal combustions were thought to be mainly controlled by absorption rather than adsorption, which is similar to those from other sources. Besides, the influence of fuel properties and combustion conditions was further investigated by using stepwise regression analysis, which indicated that almost 57 ± 10% of total variations in PAH EFs can be accounted for by moisture and volatile matter content of coal in residential combustion. 相似文献
907.
Jinzhu Ma Yongchun Liu Hong He 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(35):4446-4453
To further understand the role of substrates on the heterogeneous reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the reactions of ozone with anthracene adsorbed on different mineral oxides (SiO2, α-Al2O3 and α-Fe2O3) and on Teflon disc were investigated in dark at 20 °C. No reaction between ozone and anthracene on Teflon disc was observed when the ozone concentration was ~1.18 × 1014 molecules cm?3. The reactions on mineral oxides exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics for anthracene loss, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant (k1,obs) displayed a Langmuir–Hinshelwood dependence on the gas-phase ozone concentration. The adsorption equilibrium constants for ozone (KO3) on SiO2-1, SiO2-2, α-Al2O3 and α-Fe2O3 were (0.81 ± 0.26) × 10?15 cm3, (2.83 ± 1.17) × 10?15 cm3, (2.48 ± 0.77) × 10?15 cm3 and (1.66 ± 0.45) × 10?15 cm3, respectively; and the maximum pseudo-first-order rate constant (k1,max) on these oxides were (0.385 ± 0.058) s?1, (0.101 ± 0.0138) s?1, (0.0676 ± 0.0086) s?1 and (0.0457 ± 0.004) s?1, respectively. Anthraquinone was identified as the main surface product of anthracene reacted with ozone. Comparison with previous research and the results obtained in this study suggest that the reactivity of anthracene with ozone and the lifetimes of anthracene adsorbed on mineral dust in the atmosphere are determined by the nature of the substrate. 相似文献
908.
人工湿地系统微生物去除污染物的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
人工湿地污水处理系统具有净化效果显著、建设和运行费用低廉、管理简便等优点,近年来越来越受到人们的重视。人工湿地是利用介质、植物和微生物构成的复合系统来处理污水。微生物在人工湿地系统净化污水过程中发挥着重要作用。介绍了人工湿地系统中微生物去除污染物的研究进展,重点讨论了人工湿地对污染物和特殊有机污染物的去除以及系统基质中微生物的种群和活性等内容,并结合我国研究现状展望了该领域的研究前景。人工湿地系统微生物对污染物去除将成为人工湿地生态系统服务功能评价、人工湿地生态系统健康与稳定的诊断的重要组成部分。 相似文献
909.
910.