苯酚微生物降解的正交实验研究

利用以苯酚为碳源的驯化液,对某焦化厂曝气池活性污泥进行驯化,经过分离、筛选,挑选出4株高效的苯酚降解菌,编号为h32a2、b31B、h31A和b41a,并通过菌落形态特征、简单染色及生理生化反应初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),依据正交实验确定了优势菌群降解苯酚的最佳条件为温度32℃,pH值7.5,菌培养时间16 h,接种量1%。     

珠江广州河段水体污染的遥感监测应用研究

由于城市工业废水和居民生活污水大量的排放，珠江水质受到严重污染，尤其有机污染更加严重。各项水质指标均严重超标。本文将运用遥感技术对珠江广州河段水环境质量中的水质污染进行监测应用研究。并建立了水质污染预测遥感模型。研究结果表明，利用遥感资料能有效地监测珠江水质污染状况，在监测水环境质量中遥感技术是一种快速，全面，有效的技术手段和方法。     

Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES

Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves (CTLs),which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were +6 (sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate),+5.2 (sulfonate),+2.2 (suloxides),+0.6 (thiols and thiothers),+0.2 (organic sulfides).Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds (organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate) assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment.     

青海滩间山金矿床地质特征及其铅同位素组成的地质意义

滩间山金矿床产于中元古界蓟县系万洞沟群碳质糜棱片岩和华力西晚期侵入岩中。该金矿床天在热水沉积、区域变质和热变质预富集的基础上，与区域绿片岩相脆韧性剪切变形变质带的退化演化同步，经历了脆韧性、韧脆性和脆性剪切变形成矿阶段的演化，井遭受华力西晚期侵入岩浆活动的叠加改造而形成的。矿区地层、侵入岩、矿石及黄铁矿的铅同位素组成表现出良好的亲缘关系，较清楚地反映了地层和侵入岩浆活动对成矿物质的贡献。     

吸收法处理玉米深加工过程异味气体的实验研究

为解决玉米深加工过程中产生的异味气体造成的环境污染问题,采用吸收法对玉米深加工的废气中VOCs进行了处理实验,分别测定了不同吸收剂(清水、3%碱液、1.25%硫酸、森林之源除臭剂、烷基苯磺酸钠溶液、非离子型相转移试剂X溶液)对VOCs的去除效果,并和生物洗涤法进行比较分析,其中,0.03%非离子型相转移试剂溶液对玉米深加工废气中VOCs可以达到95%以上的去除效果,吸收液可送废水处理设施处理。     

铁屑对低浓度含铬地下水的处理研究

以某铬渣污染场地上抽提上来的低浓度含铬地下水作为实验研究对象。选用铁屑对含铬废水进行处理。通过静态试验考察了影响六价铬去除率的因素:pH、铁屑用量、反应时间,得到了较好的反应工艺参数。并在静态试验的基础上,用铁屑填充自制的反应柱研究了动态试验的效果。结果表明:六价铬的出水浓度低于0.05 mg/L,达到GB/T 14848-93《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类排放标准。     

Quantifying the characteristics of particulate matters captured by urban plants using an automatic approach

It is widely accepted that urban plant leaves can capture airborne particles. Previous studies on the particle capture capacity of plant leaves have mostly focused on particle mass and/or size distribution. Fewer studies, however, have examined the particle density, and the size and shape characteristics of particles, which may have important implications for evaluating the particle capture efficiency of plants, and identifying the particle sources. In addition, the role of different vegetation types is as yet unclear. Here, we chose three species of different vegetation types, and firstly applied an object-based classification approach to automatically identify the particles from scanning electron microscope(SEM)micrographs. We then quantified the particle capture efficiency, and the major sources of particles were identified. We found(1) Rosa xanthina Lindl(shrub species) had greater retention efficiency than Broussonetia papyrifera(broadleaf species) and Pinus bungeana Zucc.(coniferous species), in terms of particle number and particle area cover.(2) 97.9% of the identified particles had diameter ≤10 μm, and 67.1% of them had diameter ≤2.5 μm. 89.8% of the particles had smooth boundaries, with 23.4% of them being nearly spherical.(3) 32.4%–74.1% of the particles were generated from bare soil and construction activities, and 15.5%–23.0% were mainly from vehicle exhaust and cooking fumes.     

曝气生物滤池中的亚硝酸盐积累及其影响因子

通过模型试验研究了曝气生物滤池脱氮过程中的亚硝酸盐积累现象,考察了运行条件对亚硝酸盐积累的影响.试验结果表明,曝气生物滤池在滤速1～2m/h、气水比3:1、水温20.5℃～26.5℃、进水氨氮负荷0.26～0.62kg/(m³·d)、总氮负荷0.28～0.63kg/(m³³·d)和0.18～0.42kg/(m³·d)反应器内反应液和处理水连续监测结果、反应器内含氮化合物空间分布分析以及微生物数量及活性测定结果表明,反应器中出现了明显的亚硝酸盐积累现象,表现出显著的短程硝化反硝化特征.初步分析探讨了亚硝酸盐积累的形成机理和运行条件对亚硝酸盐积累的影响,认为反冲洗过程是最主要的影响因素,而曝气生物滤池的结构特征和运行方式是其能够出现亚硝酸盐积累,并进行短程硝化反硝化脱氮的主要原因.     

大气污染总量控制方案的区域排放当量制定方法

在分析现有的大气污染总量控制方案的制定方法的基础上,本文提出了区域排放当量概念及相应的大气污染物总量控制方法。应用该概念制定总量控制方案,首先是运用线性规划模型求解区域允许排放当量,线性规划模型中的技术系数是以区域内网格为基础的污染物转移函数;其次是分配区域允许当量至各个污染源,从而确定污染源的允许排放量。该方法已在南昌市的大气污染总量控制方案的制定中得到应用。     

沙颍河流域行政单元的排污权初始分配研究

初始排污权的有效分配是排污权交易制度实施的基础,结合中国现行行政特征,以行政单元作为排污权初始分配主体开展排污权初始分配研究。具体是：以沙颍河流域为例,根据淮河水利委员会制定的沙颍河流域水功能区划及COD、氨氮限排总量要求,以COD、氨氮作为排污权初始分配的客体,通过等比例削减方法对沙颍河流域内的行政单元进行了排污权初始分配,得到了流域内各市县级行政单元的COD、氨氮初始排放权,并在此基础上从政策可行性、区域合作性及上下游城市的协调性等方面提出了开展排污权初始分配的若干建议。