催化铁与生物法耦合除磷工艺特性简

为了研究催化铁与生物耦合后对生物除磷特性的影响,实验采用人工配水用厌氧/好氧间歇流式富集培养聚磷微生物。对比发现,催化铁与生物耦合组中厌氧末段ORP降低了约60 mV,pH值小幅度的上升（≤0.3）,整个培养过程中铁离子的浓度开始快速增加,之后趋于稳定（约40 mg Fe/g MLSS）。对好氧末段污泥SVI值比较发现,耦合工艺污泥沉降性能得到改善。除磷曲线比较发现,耦合组中厌氧末段磷的释放量下降,而好氧阶段磷的吸收速率增加;胞内聚合物提取表明,耦合组厌氧末段聚磷菌细胞内PHA含量有提高,好氧末段糖原含量有下降。磷形态提取分析表明,耦合组好氧末段污泥中无机态PO^3-₄-P含量更高。低浓度铁离子可以起到与生物耦合同步除磷的目的,本工艺长期运行未发现耦合体系中催化铁对除磷的抑制作用。     

电渗透脱水污泥干燥特性曲线及干燥模型简

通过电渗透脱水技术及自然风干技术两种预处理方式降低污泥含水率,当污泥初始含水率相近时,研究经两种方式处理后污泥的干燥特性曲线,并对电渗透脱水污泥干燥特性曲线的优势情况进行探讨。在40~120℃的低温条件下,研究电渗透脱水污泥（泥饼厚度为3.5 mm）的干燥特性曲线并分析其干燥特性。通过所得电渗透脱水污泥的干燥特性曲线,引入薄层污泥干燥模型进行数值分析。结果表明,在实验条件下,电渗透脱水污泥的干燥速率要优于自然风干污泥的干燥速率。随着温度的升高,电渗透脱水污泥的干燥速率随之升高,干燥到所需含水率的时间则随之减少。Logarithmic模型比其他模型更适合描述薄层电渗透脱水污泥在低温条件下的干燥特性。     

蒙自矿冶重金属冶炼废水处理工程改造与实践简

蒙自矿冶重金属冶炼废水深度处理工程主要对含重金属污酸和酸性污水处理系统进行改造。针对原有中和处理法存在的诸多问题,本工程在石灰中和处理的基础上新增电絮凝处理系统、化学沉淀微滤处理系统和深度处理系统。工程实践表明,该深度处理工程运行稳定,自动化程度高,处理效果好,废水达到《地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）》Ⅲ类标准,经过处理后的水可全部用于生产系统,实现零排放,同时为冶炼行业重金属废水治理和污染控制提供实践经验。     

硫/石灰石自养反硝化处理低碳高氮城市污水的工艺

利用水泥+沙子的胶凝骨架材料作为生物反应器填料骨架,通过胶凝粘附1∶1配比的硫粉和石灰石粉的方法制备自养反硝化填料,在自行设计的自制硫/石灰石填料自养反硝化系统中,考察了该工艺对以低C/N为特性且含低氨氮高总氮的城市污水处理厂二级处理出水的脱氮性能,并优化了主要工艺参数。结果表明,在进水总氮为40.92 mg/L,COD为38.92 mg/L,C∶TN∶NH+4-N=8.6∶9∶1的条件下,系统最优水力停留时间为3.2 h,系统最优初始pH值为7,最适反硝化温度为32.8℃,TN去除率为90%~92%。比传统按1∶1体积比例投加硫磺与石灰的反应器在处理时间方面缩短60%以上,去除效率也大有提高。     

制革废水中丙烯酸类鞣剂的膜分离特征

针对3种丙烯酸类鞣剂超滤(UF)、反渗透(RO)分离参数进行了实验研究,探索其在废水深度处理中膜去除的可行性,研究结果表明,3种鞣剂在分离参数:浓度为200 mg/L,超滤的操作压力(P UF)为0.11 MPa,反渗透的操作压力(P RO)为0.4 MPa的条件下UF-RO分离,效果最好。其次,丙烯酸类鞣剂对膜通量影响较大,导致产生的清液较少,所以用UF、RO处理含有这类物质的制革废水时,应尽可能对废水进行预处理。最后,丙烯酸类鞣剂分子中含有极性较强的基团时,粒径分离效果不同。     

Research on the management models of the rural primary water management from the view of public service:a case study of Zhejiang Province

The rural primary organizations of water management are the important parts of the public service system in the government administration.This paper studies several major management models of the rural primary water management in Zhejiang Province of China.The research result shows that ambiguous functions,lack of funding,and unreasonable personnel structure are the major problems of the rural primary water management.Therefore,it is urgent to improve service system,ensure sufficient funds,and qualify the population personnel of the rural primary organizations of water management     

Anatomical and physiological responses of Colorado blue spruce to vehicle exhausts

In order to examine whether the leaves of the Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens) are damaged or not by traffic pollution, the traits of the anatomy and physiology of its leaves are investigated by exposure to vehicle exhausts in a laboratory experiment lasting 30 days. The results show that both the anatomical structures and physiological traits of the leaves are significantly affected by vehicle exhausts. The anatomical structures, including epidermis, cuticle, palisade, and spongy parenchyma are modified when exposed to the high concentrations (≥0.4 mg/m³) of vehicle exhausts. However, physiological traits such as total chlorophyll content are not changed when exposed to different concentrations of vehicle exhaust. Unlike the total chlorophyll content, the electrical conductivities increased, whereas the POD activities decreased when presented in vehicle exhausts. The present study indicates that the Colorado blue spruce changes its anatomical structures and physiological traits to avoid possible damage by vehicle exhausts.     

Expression alterations of cytochromes P4501A1, 2E1, and 3A,and their receptors AhR and PXR caused by 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in mouse mammary carcinoma cells

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play a key role in the metabolism of a wide range of environmental xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The expression and activity levels of CYPs can be elevated by a process of induction involving the activation of nuclear receptors. The effects of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C₈mim][Cl]) on the expression of cytochrome P450 members, including CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A, as well as on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) in mouse mammary carcinoma cells (EMT6) were investigated by using quantitative real-time PCR in the present study. The results reveal that [C₈mim][Cl]-exposure up-regulates the expressions of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A at mRNA level, suggesting that imidazolium-based ionic liquids can activate CYPs. Our results also suggest that [C₈mim][Cl]-mediated CYP3A induction be PXR-dependent. This result may be beneficial to evaluating the environmental toxicity of imidazolium-based ionic liquids and investigating the metabolism of imidazolium-derivative drugs.     

拮抗菌对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内生物活性

测定了从沤肥浸渍液和土壤中分离并筛选得到对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内生物活性的6个菌株,编号为94－I、94－Ⅱ、94－Ⅲ、96－Ⅰ和98－Ⅱ,测定其孢子悬浮培养16h时对黄瓜枯萎菌的抑制率分别为48．29％、0．00％、60．69％、39．28％、61．29％和72．32％,孢子和菌丝有的变畸形并产生大泡囊;平皿拮抗试验表明,其活体浓度为50％时对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最大分别为74．52％、83．27％、90．60％、88．59％、89．35％和94．30％;而其相同浓度高压蒸汽灭活后的代谢产物对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最大分别为33．215、52．22％、62．84％、46．57％、47．61％和70．34％。