制药行业典型企业VOCs排放特征及处理技术比较

为研究制药行业采用不同工艺生产不同产品所产生的挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征,以及评估不同废气处理技术对VOCs排放的影响,以山东省淄博市两个典型制药企业A、B为研究对象,采集了不同生产工艺、不同处理技术的的VOCs样品,采用分歧系数法比较了不同排放环节的臭氧前体物(PAMs)源谱相似性;以非甲烷总烃(NMHC)表征了VOCs总体排放情况;应用实测法计算了制药行业的排放因子;选用净化效率这一指标评估了不同废气处理技术对VOCs排放的影响。结果表明,淄博制药行业典型企业A、B的平均VOCs排放量为1.56 g∙kg⁻¹,是《大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南》限值的1/276。不同生产工艺下的PAMs排放特征存在显著差异,发酵类企业排放的PAMs以芳香烃和烷烃为主,经过RTO处理后,芳香烃类物质占比从49%升高到58%,其他物质占比均有降低,而经过“水喷淋+UV光氧”处理后,烷烃类物质占比从75%降低到69%,其它物质占比均有升高。化学合成类企业排放PAMs以烷烃为主,经过“冷凝+喷淋+活性炭吸附”处理后各类物质占比几乎无变化。不同处理技术对不同种类PAMs的净化效率不同,“UV光氧+水喷淋”更适用于污水站对VOCs和异味的去除,而RTO更适用于处理高浓度VOCs的废气。     

工业污染源产排污系数编码方法与应用

编码是将文字信息转换为计算机编程代码的重要工具。为进一步推进工业污染源产排污系数信息化应用,以2017年版产排污系数为核心,根据产排污系数结构及表达方式,建立工业污染源产排污系数编码体系,分别对产污系数和排放量核算参数两部分进行编码。产污系数编码是对表征产污系数的关键因素进行编码,包括行业类型、产污工段、产品、原料、工艺、规模、污染物种类等。排放量核算参数编码是对污染治理技术和治理设施运行效率分别进行编码。再根据各项关键因素的特征、包含信息种类数以及预留一定开发空间等条件,设定编码组成和位数,建立编码方案,并以“3825光伏设备及元器件制造行业”为例进行编码方案应用。产污系数编码为22位,排放量核算参数编码为28位或更多位。产排污系数编码体系的建立为搭建产排污系数信息平台,支撑系数持续更新完善,实现应用于更多环境管理系统提供直接技术支撑。     

Levels and distribution of heavy metals in atmospheric particular matters over the northern South China Sea

Oceans play a significant role in the cycling of trace metals and persistent organic pollutants. In this study, aerosol samples covering the whole northern South China Sea (SCS) were collected in 2005 and 2007, respectively, for analysis of trace metals and major elements. The levels of trace metals detected ranged from 0.514 to 119 ng/m³ in 2005 and from 0.130 to 24.2 ng/m³ in 2007, respectively. Cu, Zn, and Pb were the three predominant metals with high enrichment factors (>10), indicating the strong anthropogenic inputs. The trace metals over SCS were comparable to the values in suburban and background sites of South China, but generally higher than those over other seas and oceans. Considering the fact that they were influenced by their proximity to source regions and air mass origins, the elevated metals in 2005 were probably attributed to the strong wind and long-range atmospheric transport driven by Asian monsoon.     

茂县玫瑰精油加工方法对化学成分含量的影响

本文用毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术,毛细管气相色谱保留指数和标准品叠加法鉴定了茂县玫瑰精油的化学成分,并对水蒸气蒸馏精油、净油、蒸馏-萃取精油、水中精油的化学成分进行了比较,说明不同加工方法对精油成分的影响是很大的。     

关于在自然保护区内开展生态旅游的探讨

本文在对生态旅游的概念及其内涵探讨的基础上，提出了在自然保护区内开展生态旅游的意义、基本原则和战略，并就如何在自然保护区内开展好生态旅游提出一些具体措施。     

两种填料在曝气生物滤池中处理生活污水的对比研究

在上流式曝气生物滤池中,使用不规则形状页岩及球形粘土陶作填料处理生活污水,在相同工艺条件下,比较了它们对污水的处理效果,采用两种填料的单级滤池出水,主要水质指标(CODer,SS)达到国家排放标准,而NH3-N要达标排放需在二级滤池中进一步处理.     

种养结合是生态农业的一种好模式

以养牛场粪便处理为例，分析其原理，介绍了生态农业的一种模式。     

Abatement of waste gases and water during the processes of semiconductor fabrication

The purpose of this article is to examine the methods and equipment for abating waste gases and water produced during the manufacture of semiconductor materials and devices. Three separating methods and equipment are used to control three different groups of electronic wastes. The first group includes arsine and phosphine emitted during the processes of semiconductor materials manufacture. The abatement procedure for this group of pollutants consists of adding iodates, cupric and manganese salts to a multiple shower tower ( MST ) structure. The second group includes pollutants containing arsenic, phosphorus, HF, HCI, NO2, and SO3 emitted during the manufacture of semiconductor materials and devices. The abatement procedure involves mixing oxidants and bases in an oval column with a separator in the middle. The third group consists of the ions of As, P and heavy metals contained in the waste water. The abatement procedure includes adding CaCO3 and ferric salts in a flocculation-sedimentation compact device equipment. Test results showed that all waste gases and water after the abatement orocedures oresented in this article passed the discharge standards set by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China.     

Control of arsenic Pollution from waste gases during fabrication of semiconductor

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关于防止船舶垃圾对水域的污染

系统介绍了有关防止船舶垃圾污染的国际公约及其国内法律规定；并对加强船舶垃圾管理工作提出了几点建议。