全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25081篇 |
免费 | 868篇 |
国内免费 | 5447篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1249篇 |
废物处理 | 1720篇 |
环保管理 | 2501篇 |
综合类 | 10179篇 |
基础理论 | 5412篇 |
污染及防治 | 6475篇 |
评价与监测 | 1708篇 |
社会与环境 | 1476篇 |
灾害及防治 | 676篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 247篇 |
2022年 | 776篇 |
2021年 | 714篇 |
2020年 | 566篇 |
2019年 | 494篇 |
2018年 | 2019篇 |
2017年 | 1991篇 |
2016年 | 1813篇 |
2015年 | 1009篇 |
2014年 | 1290篇 |
2013年 | 1610篇 |
2012年 | 1805篇 |
2011年 | 2700篇 |
2010年 | 1820篇 |
2009年 | 1727篇 |
2008年 | 2087篇 |
2007年 | 2231篇 |
2006年 | 1011篇 |
2005年 | 667篇 |
2004年 | 512篇 |
2003年 | 601篇 |
2002年 | 586篇 |
2001年 | 370篇 |
2000年 | 449篇 |
1999年 | 384篇 |
1998年 | 312篇 |
1997年 | 331篇 |
1996年 | 286篇 |
1995年 | 222篇 |
1994年 | 171篇 |
1993年 | 140篇 |
1992年 | 130篇 |
1991年 | 73篇 |
1990年 | 68篇 |
1989年 | 27篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1935年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
991.
营养盐水平对念珠藻胞外有机物产生的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以我国湖泊典型固氮蓝藻发状念珠藻(Nostoc flagelliforme)为研究对象,考察了氮、磷营养盐对发状念珠藻生长特性及其胞外有机物产生的影响.采用藻细胞浓度计数法表征发状念珠藻生长特性;分别采用溶解性有机碳(DOC)、三维荧光光谱(EEM)和紫外-可见光谱法,从总量和主要物质方面分析了发状念珠藻胞外有机物的产生规律.结果表明,在不同氮、磷营养水平下,发状念珠藻的4个关键生长时期基本相同,氮是控制发状念珠藻生长的关键营养控制要素;氮营养元素浓度的增高,有利于发状念珠藻产生胞外有机物,其产生量逐渐增大,而磷营养元素浓度的增高对胞外有机物产生量贡献较小,氮营养盐是发状念珠藻产生胞外有机物的关键限制因子;通过EEM谱图分析,发状念珠藻胞外有机物主要以类氨基酸类物质和类富里酸物质为主.以磷为控制营养盐时,类富里酸是主要的胞外有机物之一,以氮为控制营养盐时,类富里酸产生量极低;作为主要的胞外有机物,蛋白质和碳水化合物的产生规律显著不同,其中蛋白质含量显著高于碳水化合物含量. 相似文献
992.
应用基于16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE对超声波-好氧/缺氧污泥消化过程中微生物种群的多样性进行研究.通过SDS细胞裂解法提取不同时期污泥中的基因组DNA,采用通用引物进行V3区域PCR扩增,长约190 bp的PCR产物经DGGE分离后,获得污泥微生物群落的DNA特征指纹图谱,对条带进行切胶测序,使用序列数据进行同源性分析并建立系统发育树.DGGE图谱表明,在反应器运行的不同时期,微生物群落结构发生动态演替.5、10、15、20、25 d微生物相似性与0 d相比分别为61.2%、48.2%、46.4%、42.6%、41.7%,总细菌Shannon指数经历了一个从逐渐减少到趋于稳定的过程,这表明超声波改变污泥内部性质,导致微生物多样性的降低.UPGMA聚类分析将DGGE图谱区分为三大族群并对应于不同运行时期.测序结果表明,超声波-好氧/缺氧污泥消化中微生物群落主要为Firmicute、Genuscitrobacter、Bacilli、α-Proteobacteria、β-Proteobacteria. 相似文献
993.
特种设备管理方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
0 引言
近几年,虽然国家通过建章立制,加大措施,努力控制和减少特种设备事故,但特种设备事故仍时有发生.2007年1月13日8时23分,某医药化工有限公司发生压力容器爆炸重大事故,造成7人死亡; 2007年6月11日凌晨2时左右,陕西省某村民在家中进行“瓶对瓶“倒气,由于液化石油气泄漏,遇明火爆燃,造成三间平板房倒塌,3人死亡,1人受伤;2007年7月7日19时45分,江苏省某气体有限公司在充装氧气瓶过程中,气瓶发生爆炸,造成3人死亡,1人重伤,充装车间部分屋顶被炸翻,爆炸碎片分散在50m半径范围内.…… 相似文献
994.
995.
近些年随着通信行业突飞猛进的发展,通信管线敷设的长度、规模和范围越来越广,但引起的管理问题也越来越多,一旦发生中断、损坏,将造成不可估量的损失,通信管线的应急管理工作迫在眉睫.本文对通信管线突发事件进行应急机理分析,旨在为应急管理做一些基础工作,了解其危害性,揭示其发生、发展、衍生扩散到平稳、消减整个过程遵循的客观规律. 相似文献
996.
Myrmecophily provides various examples of how social structures can be overcome to exploit vast and well-protected resources.
Ant nest beetles (Paussinae) are particularly well suited for ecological and evolutionary considerations in the context of
association with ants because life habits within the subfamily range from free-living and predatory in basal taxa to obligatory
myrmecophily in derived Paussini. Adult Paussini are accepted in the ant society, although parasitising the colony by preying
on ant brood. Host species mainly belong to the ant families Myrmicinae and Formicinae, but at least several paussine genera
are not host-specific. Morphological adaptations, such as special glands and associated tufts of hair (trichomes), characterise
Paussini as typical myrmecophiles and lead to two different strategical types of body shape: while certain Paussini rely on
the protective type with less exposed extremities, other genera access ant colonies using glandular secretions and trichomes
(symphile type). We compare these adaptations with other taxonomic groups of insects by joining contemporary research and
early sources and discuss the possibility of an attracting or appeasing effect of the secretion. Species that are ignored
by their host ants might use chemical mimicry instead. Furthermore, vibrational signals may contribute to ant–beetle communication,
and chemical signals have proven to play a role in host finding. The powerful defense chemistry of paussines as “bombardier
beetles” is not used in contact with host ants. We attempt to trace the evolution of myrmecophily in paussines by reviewing
important aspects of the association between paussine beetles and ants, i.e. morphological and potential chemical adaptations,
life cycle, host specificity, alimentation, parasitism and sound production.
相似文献
Stefanie F. GeiselhardtEmail: |
997.
(E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-ol (geranyl acetol), termed here fuscol, was identified as a male-produced pheromone emitted
by Tetropium fuscum (F.) and Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby. In field experiments, traps baited with synthetic fuscol alone were not significantly attractive, but the combination
of fuscol plus host volatiles (a synthetic blend of monoterpenes plus ethanol) attracted significantly more male and female
T. fuscum and female T. cinnamopterum than did host volatiles alone. This is the first homoterpenoid alcohol to be described in the Cerambycidae, and the first
pheromone reported from the sub-family Spondylidinae. 相似文献
998.
Settlement decisions in blue tits: difference in the use of social information according to age and individual success 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dispersers are expected to assess breeding habitat quality before settlement. Although cues reflecting habitat quality are
well studied, social cues have not been as well evaluated. In this paper, we studied breeding habitat selection during 3 years
in a natural population of blue tits, Cyanistes caeruleus, breeding in nest-boxes. Our aim was to investigate if this species used conspecific density and/or reproductive success
of con- and heterospecifics (i.e., social cues) in settlement decisions. The patterns observed were consistent with the idea
that juveniles, when dispersing from their natal patches, did not react to any of the cues that we tested. In contrast, breeders
that dispersed seemed to respond to both conspecific mean patch reproductive success (PRS) and breeding density of the settlement
patch in the year of dispersal, their response differing according to their own reproductive success. Indeed, failed breeders
moved to areas with high PRS and low density relative to source patches, while successful breeders behaved the opposite. The
comparison between juveniles and adults might be modulated by the limited time available to juveniles to gather information
on PRS and density at the end of the dispersing year. Adults lacking these time constraints, however, seemed to rely on these
conspecific cues although limited by their own quality. Additionally, breeders were more likely to be immigrants in patches
with relatively low breeding success and density the previous year, suggesting that settlement is influenced by multiple cues,
which may reveal information on different aspects of habitat and be available at different moments. Collectively, our results
support the importance of social cues for blue tits’ settlement. 相似文献
999.
Although Asia is thought to have played a critical role in the radiation of artiodactyls, the fossil record of stem selenodonts
(“dichobunoids”) remains dramatically poor in tropical Asian regions. In this study, we report a new dichobunid genus and
species Cadutherium kyaukmagyii and a new basal ruminant genus and species Irrawadymeryx pondaungi, from the late Middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Central Myanmar. Although the scarcity of the present material prevents
any attempts to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Cadutherium with contemporaneous forms from other Holarctic landmasses, this new form shed new light on the diversity of these small
rabbit-like ungulates during a key period of their evolutionary history. Reexamination of the small-bodied artiodactyls from
Pondaung leads us to propose new identifications of certain published specimens and, in turn, to investigate the temporal
and geographic distribution of taxa recognized in the Pondaung Formation. Although fragmentary, these potential new taxa reveal
an unsuspected diversity of small forms among artiodactyls of Pondaung. This addition to the Eocene record of dichobunoids
and early ruminants provides further insight in the diversity of dental patterns among small artiodactyls from the Pondaung
Formation and attests to the antiquity of these groups in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
1000.
Power matters in closing the phenotyping gap 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meyer CW Elvert R Scherag A Ehrhardt N Gailus-Durner V Fuchs H Schäfer H Hrabé de Angelis M Heldmaier G Klingenspor M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(5):401-406
Much of our understanding of physiology and metabolism is derived from investigating mouse mutants and transgenic mice, and
open-access platforms for standardized mouse phenotyping such as the German Mouse Clinic (GMC) are currently viewed as one
powerful tool for identifying novel gene-function relationships. Phenotyping or phenotypic screening involves the comparison of wild-type control mice with their mutant or transgenic littermates. In our study, we explored
the extent to which standardized phenotyping will succeed in detecting biologically relevant phenotypic differences in mice
generated and provided by different collaborators. We analyzed quantitative metabolic data (body mass, energy intake, and
energy metabolized) collected at the GMC under the current workflow, and used them for statistical power considerations. Our
results demonstrate that there is substantial variability in these parameters among lines of wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice from
different sources. Given this variable background noise in mice that serve as controls, subtle phenotypes in mutant or transgenic
littermates may be overlooked. Furthermore, a phenotype observed in one cohort of a mutant line may not be reproducible (to
the same extent) in mice coming from a different environment or supplier. In the light of these constraints, we encourage
researchers to incorporate information on intrastrain variability into future study planning, or to perform advanced hierarchical
analyses. Both will ultimately improve the detectability of novel phenotypes by phenotypic screening.
Carola W. Meyer and Ralf Elvert contributed equally to this work. 相似文献